Free Essays on Beauty And The Beast

The Story as a Skeleton Ring around the rosies, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, we all fall down. To modern society this seems like a nonsensical children’s rhyme, instead of a rhyme about the Black Death and horrors that it held for society at that time. Without knowledge of the origins of the rhyme, it is just that. The same goes for stories and fairy tales. Stories provide a glimpse of what is taking place in the society of the times. By comparing different versions of the same story over time one can make connections to society’s values and the evens of the time period. One can also compare stories within the same time period to achieve different viewpoints within the society itself. Looking at the story of beauty and the beast, one can use this example to lean much about the values that certain societies hold at certain times. The story of beauty and the beast has its origins in the early Roman myth of Cupid and Psyche, and since then has evolved into the modern versions that we have today such as the animated Disney film Beauty and the Beast and Barbara G. Walker’s Ugly and the Beast. Throughout time the fundamental ideas of the story remain the same. A selfless and devoted daughter willingly sacrifices herself for her father. Although the beauty character has sisters who are sad to see her go to an almost certain death in the clutches of the beast, the others will not even volunteer to go in place of her. The beauty character is then rewarded for her selflessness with her marriage to an important and wealthy husband who is much to her liking. Although the stories vary dramatically, these three elements are present in all of the versions. In Cupid and Ps yche, Psyche is the beauty character. Her father travels to an oracle to ask how to find a decent husband for Psyche. Much to his dismay the oracles reveals that Psyche is to go to a rocky summit to await her fearful husband in the form of a winged serpent. Psych... Free Essays on Beauty And The Beast Free Essays on Beauty And The Beast The Story as a Skeleton Ring around the rosies, a pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, we all fall down. To modern society this seems like a nonsensical children’s rhyme, instead of a rhyme about the Black Death and horrors that it held for society at that time. Without knowledge of the origins of the rhyme, it is just that. The same goes for stories and fairy tales. Stories provide a glimpse of what is taking place in the society of the times. By comparing different versions of the same story over time one can make connections to society’s values and the evens of the time period. One can also compare stories within the same time period to achieve different viewpoints within the society itself. Looking at the story of beauty and the beast, one can use this example to lean much about the values that certain societies hold at certain times. The story of beauty and the beast has its origins in the early Roman myth of Cupid and Psyche, and since then has evolved into the modern versions that we have today such as the animated Disney film Beauty and the Beast and Barbara G. Walker’s Ugly and the Beast. Throughout time the fundamental ideas of the story remain the same. A selfless and devoted daughter willingly sacrifices herself for her father. Although the beauty character has sisters who are sad to see her go to an almost certain death in the clutches of the beast, the others will not even volunteer to go in place of her. The beauty character is then rewarded for her selflessness with her marriage to an important and wealthy husband who is much to her liking. Although the stories vary dramatically, these three elements are present in all of the versions. In Cupid and Ps yche, Psyche is the beauty character. Her father travels to an oracle to ask how to find a decent husband for Psyche. Much to his dismay the oracles reveals that Psyche is to go to a rocky summit to await her fearful husband in the form of a winged serpent. Psych...

Crustacean Facts

Crustacean Facts Crustaceans are some of the most important marine animals. Humans rely heavily on crustaceans for food; and crustaceans are also an important prey  source for  marine life  in the ocean food chain for a variety of animals, including whales, fish, and pinnipeds. More diverse than any group of arthropods, crustaceans are second or third in abundance of all categories of animal life after insects and vertebrates. They live in inland and ocean waters from the Arctic to the Antarctic as well as from elevations in the Himalayas up to 16,000 feet to well below sea level. Fast Facts: Crustaceans Scientific Name: CrustaceaCommon Names: Crabs, lobsters, barnacles, and shrimpBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize:  From 0.004 inches to over 12 feet (Japanese spider crab)Weight: Up to 44 pounds (American lobster)Lifespan: 1 to 10 yearsDiet:  OmnivoreHabitat: Throughout the oceans, in tropical to frigid waters; in freshwater streams, estuaries and in groundwaterPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Many crustaceans are extinct, extinct in the wild, or endangered or critical. Most are classified as Least Concern. Description Crustaceans include commonly-known marine life such as crabs, lobsters, barnacles, and shrimp. These animals are in the Phylum Arthropoda (the same phylum as insects) and Subphylum Crustacea. According to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, there are over 52,000 species of crustaceans. The largest crustacean is the Japanese spider crab, at over 12 feet long; the smallest are microscopic in size. All crustaceans have a hard exoskeleton which protects the animal from predators and prevents water loss. However, exoskeletons dont grow as the animal inside them grows, so crustaceans are forced to molt as they grow larger. The molting process takes between a few minutes to several hours.  During molting, a soft exoskeleton forms underneath the old one and the old exoskeleton is shed. Since the new exoskeleton is soft, this is a vulnerable time for the crustacean until the new exoskeleton hardens. After molting, crustaceans typically expand their bodies almost immediately, increasing by 40 percent to 80 percent. Many crustaceans, such as the American lobster, have a distinct head, a thorax, and an abdomen. However, these body parts arent distinct in some crustaceans, such as the barnacle. Crustaceans have gills for breathing. Crustaceans have two pairs of antennae. They have mouths made up of one pair of mandibles (which are eating appendages behind the crustaceans antennae) and two pairs of maxillae (the mouth parts located after the mandibles). Most crustaceans are free-ranging, like lobsters and crabs, and some even migrate long distances. But some, like barnacles, are sessile- they live attached to a hard substrate most of their lives. Rowan Coe/Getty Images Species Crustaceans are a subphylum of the Arthropoda phylum in the Animalia. According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), there are seven classes of crustaceans: Branchiopoda (branchiopods)Cephalocarida (horseshoe shrimp)Malacostraca (decapods- crabs, lobsters, and shrimps)Maxillopoda (copepods and barnacles)Ostracoda (seed shrimp)Remipedia (remipedes)Pentastomida (tongue worms) Habitat and Range If youre looking for crustaceans to eat, look no further than your local grocery store or fish market. But seeing them in the wild is almost as easy. If youd like to see a wild marine crustacean, visit your local beach or tide pool and look carefully under rocks or seaweed, where you might find a crab or even a small lobster hiding. You might also find some small shrimp paddling around.   Crustaceans live in freshwater plankton and benthic (bottom-dwelling) habitats, and can also be found residing in groundwater near rivers and in caves. In temperate locations, small streams support some crayfish and shrimp species. Species richness in inland waters is highest in fresh water, but there are species that live in salt and hypersaline environments.  Ã‚   To protect themselves from predators, some crustaceans are night hunters; others stay in protected shallow slack-water locations. Rare and geographically isolated species are found in karst caverns which get little if any light from the surface. As a result some of those species are blind and unpigmented.   Diet and Behavior Within the literally thousands of species, there is a wide variety of feeding techniques among crustaceans. Crustaceans are omnivores, although some species eat algae and others like crabs and lobsters are predators and scavengers of other animals, feeding on those that are already dead. Some, like barnacles, remain in place and filter plankton from the water. Some crustaceans eat their own species, newly molted individuals, and young or injured members. Some even change their diets as they mature. Reproduction and Offspring Crustaceans are primarily dioecious- made up of male and female sexes- and therefore reproduce sexually. However, there are sporadic species among the ostracods and brachiopods that reproduce by gonochorism, a process by which each individual animal has one of two sexes; or by hermaphroditism, in which each animal has complete sex organs for both male and female sexes; or by parthenogenesis, in which the offspring develop from unfertilized  eggs. In general, crustaceans are polyandrous- mating more than once in the same breeding season- and are fertilized within the female. Some may begin the gestation process immediately. Other crustaceans such as crayfish store the spermatozoa for many months before the eggs are fertilized and allowed to develop. Depending on the species, crustaceans disperse eggs directly into the water column, or they carry the eggs in a pouch. Some carry the eggs in a long string and attach the strings to rocks and other objects where they grow and develop. Crustacean larvae also vary in shape and development process by species, some going through multiple changes before reaching adulthood. Copepod larvae are known as nauplii, and they swim using their antennae. Crab crab larvae are zoea which swim using thoracic appendages.   Conservation Status Many crustaceans are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List as vulnerable, endangered or extinct in the wild. Most are classified as Least Concern.   Sources ï » ¿Coulombe, Deborah A. The Seaside Naturalist. New York: Simon Schuster, 1984.Martinez, Andrew J. 2003. Marine Life of the North Atlantic. Aqua Quest Publications, Inc.: New YorkMyers, P. 2001. Crustacea (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Thorp, James H., D. Christopher Rogers, and Alan P. Covich. Chapter 27 - Introduction to â€Å"Crustacea. Thorp and Covichs Freshwater Invertebrates (Fourth Edition). Eds. Thorp, James H. and D. Christopher Rogers. Boston: Academic Press, 2015. 671–86.WoRMS. 2011. Crustacea. World Register of Marine Species.

Diamond theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Diamond theory - Essay Example But heavy sustained investments lead to competitive advantage thru expansion or improved service facilities. Porter argues that a lack of resources often actually helps countries to become competitive. Abundance generates waste while scarcity generates an innovative mindset. Such countries innovate to overcome their problem of scarce resources. Examples: a) Switzerland was the first country to experience labour shortages. They abandoned labour-intensive watches and concentrated on innovative/high-end watches. b) Japan has high priced land and so its factory space is at a premium. This lead to just-in-time inventory techniques (Japanese firms can’t have a lot of stock taking up space, so to cope with the potential of not have goods around when they need it, they innovated traditional inventory techniques). c) Sweden has a short building season and high construction costs. These two things combined created a need for pre-fabricated houses. b. Demand Conditions - Porter argues th at a sophisticated domestic market is an important element to producing competitiveness. Firms that face a sophisticated domestic market are likely to sell superior products because the customers demand higher quality and after sales services and a close proximity to such markets consumers enables the firm to better understand the needs and desires of the customers. If the nation’s discriminating values spread to other countries, then the local firms will have to be competitive in the global market to survive.

Fuel cells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fuel cells - Essay Example This is then used to run a turbine to produce electricity. Thus there are many intermediate steps each with certain efficiency (always less than 100%) associated with each of them. This is because thermal energy is the worst form of energy with maximum entropy and therefore can never be converted fully into useful work. Now the overall efficiency of chemical potential energy to electricity conversion is a product of efficiency of each of the intermediate steps and therefore is much smaller. The best thermal power plants operate at maximum conversion efficiency of about 40%. Also, the combustion products are highly polluting adding to carbon emission and global warming. Fuel cells on the other hand convert the chemical potential energy directly into electricity and thus have very high conversion efficiency which is typically 70%. Besides, the reaction products are relatively harmless and in many cases completely harmless. Thus fuel cells are being seen as power plants of future and a tangible potential solution for containing the menace of carbon emission and therefore, global warming. These are already into many specialized and high end applications. In this report the basic principle, related developments and current and potential applications of fuel cells are briefly discussed. A fuel cell is like a galvanic cell. It directly converts chemical energy into electricity and is highly efficient. It is now possible to make such cells in which reactants are fed continuously to the electrodes and products are removed continuously from the electrolyte compartment. Galvanic cells that are designed to convert the energy of combustion of fuels like hydrogen, methane, methanol, etc. directly into electrical energy are called fuel cells. Such a fuel cell was used for providing electrical power in the Apollo space program. The water vapors produced during the reaction were

Antebellum Period Essay Example for Free

Antebellum Period Essay During the time period between 1825-1850, known as the Antebellum Period, the series of reform movements that emerged sought to democratic ideals of equality, liberty, the right to vote, and a more centralized government. The Second Great Awakening, one of many religious reforms, expanded equality through the belief that everyone could attain salvation through hard work and faith. The Second Great Awakening was the spark for many of the other reform movements, such as Temperance, Womens Rights, and Abolition. These movements along with reforms of prisons and mental facilities, and education attempted to craft America into a more utopian society. The Second Great Awakening had started after the Revolutionary War, gained momentum around the turn of the century, and was at its strongest during the Antebellum Period. It was driven by the idea that everyone could be saved through revivals. Revivals were especially prevalent in upstate New York, which was nicknamed the â€Å"burned-over district† by Charles Finney, a prominent Presbyterian leader of The Second Great Awakening. Because there were so many revivals there, it seemed like there couldnt possibly be anyone left to convert. Social activism became the main method of revival in the North. Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist denominations made huge gains in membership in the South and on the frontier were â€Å"camp meeting† revivals took place. As in Document B where Finney said the reforms awakened and converted even the â€Å"most abandoned profligates†, the protestant ministers in the South preached to people of all classes and races, including free blacks, slaves, and slaveholders. Free blacks began to start their own churches on the belief that everyone needed to hear messages of salvation and personal freedom. Due to prejudices against them, many free blacks separated from the Methodist church. One such man named Richard Allen founded the African Methodist Episcopal denomination. Blacks had more freedom within the Baptist church, as they could become ministers, and many black Baptist congregations were formed. Also during this time, groups such as the Mormons, Shakers and Baptists deve loped due to desires to restore primitive forms of Christianity, known as the Restoration Movement. In the late 1820s, Joseph Smith claimed to receive visions of a new sacred text/supplement to the Bible, the Book of Mormon. He founded a primitivist church called the Church of Christ on the teachings of this book and other revelations. Mormons established their first community in western New York. They then moved to Kirtland, Ohio, where Mormons faced persecution and Joseph Smith was assassinated. The first split in the church came surrounding the question of the next leader, but most Mormons migrated to Utah, spreading their message and gaining followers on the way, under the leadership of Brigham Young. Other popular groups that rose were the Unitarians and Universalists. Unitarianism is named for its understanding of God as one person, unlike the traditional Christian doctrine of Trinitarianism which defines God as three persons (Father, Son, and Holy Ghost) coexisting as one in being. It teaches that Jesus was a prophet and in some sense the â€Å"son† of God, but not God himself. Universalists believe that all humans either may or will be saved through Jesus Christ and eventually go to heaven. Teachings of the Second Great Awakening endorsed a strong work ethic, frugality and temperance within the expanding middle class. The Temperance Movement sprung from the social activism of the Second Great Awakening. Alcoholism was a growing problem in the United States: spousal abuse, family neglect and chronic unemployment were on the rise, issues which are shown in The Drunkards Progress (Document H). It was an area that social activists felt needed addressing. Lyman Beecher, a leading Presbyterian minister of the Second Great Awakening, lectured against the use of alcohol and co-founded the American Temperance Society, the first U.S. social movement organization to mobilize massive and national support for a specific reform cause. Within 12 years, it claimed more than 8000 local groups and 1,500,000 members. Many other Temperance societies popped up, such as the American Temperance Union and the States Delevan Union Temperance Society of Colored People, a temperance society headed by free blacks. The Temperance Movement first saw statewide success in Maine, where a total ban was placed on the manufacturing and sale of liquor. The Maine Law, as it became known as, was the work of Portland mayor Neal Dow, who gained the nicknames the â€Å"Father of Prohibition† and the â€Å"Napoleon of Temperance†. Dow was very involved in the temperance movement, having traveled much of the northeastern United States and parts of Canada speaking against intemperance. His Maine Law spawned other prohibition laws in the country. The Temperance Movement expanded democratic ideals by asking the government to govern the sale of alcohol, making the government more centralized. The Second Great Awakenings emphasis on t he ability of individuals to amend their lives caused many reform movements aimed at redressing injustice and alleviating suffering in society—a democratizing effect. Abolitionism was one such movement, and it to was led in part by leaders of the Second Great Awakening. It called the immediate ending of slavery, as opposed to the other anti-slavery positions of the time, Gradualism; which called for an end to slavery over time; and colonization; which relied on the manumission of slaves who would then be taken back to Africa. Lyman Beecher was also an Abolitionist, and more importantly the father of Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Toms Cabin. The novel was the most influential piece of abolitionist literature and spread the Abolitionist message to millions of Americans. Charles Finney often spoke out against slavery from the pulpit and was involved in the abolitionist movement. Neal Dow was also a known abolitionist, his house was a stop on The Underground Railroad. Just like with the Temperance Movement, many Abolitionist societies formed, the most prominent being the American Anti-Slavery Society (AAS). The AAS was founded by William Lloyd Garrison, the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. Garrison was in support of immediate emancipation of the slaves and their integration into American society. He also believed that slave owners should not be reimbursed for their â€Å"lost property†. Wendell Phillips became a frequent speaker at AAS conventions after witnessing the attempted lynching of Garrison by a pro-slavery mob in 1835. He went on to write many pamphlets and essays against slavery. Sisters Angelina and Sarah Grimke became well known anti-slavery speakers and writers. They came from a slave-owning white family in the South and spoke from experience on the evils of slavery. Angelina married fellow abolitionist and mentor Theodore Weld. Weld spoke out against slavery until he lost his voice in 1837. He then focused on writing for the AAS. In 1839, he and the Grimkà © sisters co-wrote the pivotal book American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witn esses. Many historians regard Weld as the most important figure in the abolitionist movement. Escaped slave Frederick Douglass went around the country speaking at AASS conventions and at other events about the things he personally experienced as a slave. He published the North Star, an aboltionist newspaper that got its name from the North Star which guided slaves to freedom in the North. Escaped slaves Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth also became speakers and leaders in the Abolitionist Movement. Tubman helped over 300 slaves escape from the South on the Underground Railroad and became friends with Douglass. Truth also became friends with Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. The abolitionist movement promoted democratic ideals as it tried expand freedom and equality to the slaves. Women were heavily involved with the Temperance and Abolitionist movements, and many of them went on to work with the Womens Rights Movement. For many women, and as shown in Document C, the two causes were intertwined because they work for their own liberty as well. The role of women in the household had begun to change with the ongoing Industrial Revolution. A group of young single women known as Lowell girls worked in factories. In the middle and upper classes, women became the moral and spiritual leaders of their households, known as the Cult of Domesticity. Along with speaking on temperance and abolition, some women began speaking on womens rights at conventions. One such woman was Lucretia Mott. She was focused mostly on womens rights, publishing her influential Discourse on Woman and founding Swarthmore College. She became a Quaker minister, and was noted for her speaking ability. She advocated the boycotting the products of slave labor. She was an early supporter of William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society. She worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and the two women organized the first womens rights convention which was held in Seneca Falls, New York. At the convention, Stanton stated that they were assembled to â€Å"declare our right to be free as man is free† (Document I) and presented the Declaration of Sentiments, a document written by Stanton and based on the form of the Declaration of Independence. It declared that men and women were equal and that women had no representation since they couldnt vote. Frederick Douglass, who was in attendance at the convention and helped pass the resolutions in the Declaration of Sentiments called the document the â€Å"grand basis for attaining the civil, social, political, and religious rights of women†. The Grimke sisters, Harriet Tubman, and Sojourner Truth were also suffragists. The Womens Rights Movement expanded democratic ideals because it pushed for equality and the right to vote for women. Another reform started during this period was an education reform. The education reform was pushed by increasing interest in public education because the growing number of voters and immigrants and a desire to maintain social order. It was largely the works of Massachusetts School Board Secretary Horace Mann. Most states adopted one version or another of the system he established in Massachusetts, especially the program for normal schools to train professional teachers. He pushed for more public support of public schools arguing that universal public education was the best way to turn the nations unruly children into disciplined, judicious republican citizens. He has been called the â€Å"Father of the Common School Movement and the â€Å"Father of American Public Education†. His schools and other schools around the country used McGuffey Readers; document e is a selection from one; as textbooks. There were different books for each learning level.

Utopia :: essays research papers

As its title hints, the essay which follows is not the history but biographical of an idea. The idea for the book called Utopia. Like all ideas for books it was born and had its whole life span in the mind of an author. Like all such ideas it ceased to be when the printed book Utopia became a black-on-white reality. Although there is no accurate record of its birth date, it seems to have been born in the mind of Sir Thomas More. As the writer I shall have to take into account the environment in which our subject passed its life and that environment was the mind of Sir Thomas More. To establish the lineaments of the idea for Utopia we shall perforce, for lack of better sources of information, rely on the book called Utopia We ourselves shall have to look very closely to separate the thinkers thought from the literary tricks of the trade. More's intentions in Utopia, must remain mysterious. A little more difficult to accept is the general implication of the review that the mysteriousness of the author's intent in Utopia is somehow a point in his favor, that the obscurity of his meaning enhances the merit of his work. The one point of unanimous agreement about Utopia is it is a work of social comment. Since Utopia is a work of many ideas, it is impossible of course to expand the book unless one has some notion of the hierarchy of conception in it. A caretul reading of Utopia does seem to me to reveal clearly the hierarchy of it author's ideas at the time he composed the book. Although the interpretation of Utopia which follows has no pretension to substantial novelty, but rather disavows it, my approach to the problem may seem singular and eccentric. The account of such an analysis will necessarily be a little dull, so I shall have to request the forbearance of the reader without being able to promise for his patie nce any large reward in the shape of a brand new insight. The inconsistency between the prospectus in the curious paragraph and the subject matter that follows in the printed version of Utopia becomes intelligible if we make a few assumptions about the development of the books composition. The conclusion various scholars have come to about More's attitude toward the institution of property coincides to a remarkable degree with their own pre-dilection on that point, or with their notion of what More should have thought.

Impact of a Jet

Impact Of a Jet Introduction: Over the years, engineers have found many ways to utilize the force that can be imparted by a jet of fluid on a surface diverting the flow. For example, the pelt on wheel has been used to make flour. Further more, the impulse turbine is still used in the first and sometimes in the second stages of steam turbine. Firemen make use of the kinetic energy stored in a jet to deliver water above the level in the nozzle to extinguish fires in high-rise buildings. Fluid jets are also used in industry for cutting metals and debarring.Many other applications of fluid jets can be cited which reveals their technological importance. This experiment aims at assessing the different forces exerted by the same water jet on a variety of geometrical different plates. The results obtained experimentally are to be compared with the ones inferred from theory through utilizing the applicable versions of the Bernoulli and momentum equations. Objectives: i. To measure the force p roduced by a jet on flat and curved surfaces. ii. To compare the experimental results with the theoretically calculated valuesProcedure: 1. Stand the apparatus on the hydraulic bench, with the drainpipe immediately above the hole leading to the weighing tank, see figure 4. Connect the bench supply hose to the inlet pipe on the apparatus, using a hose-clip to secure the connection. 2. Fit the flat plate to the apparatus. If the cup is fitted, remove it by undoing the retaining screw and lifting it out, complete with the loose cover plate. Take care not to drop the cup in the plastic cylinder. 3. Fit the cover plate over the stem of the flat plate and hold it in position below the beam.Screw in the retaining screw and tighten it. 4. Set the weigh-beam to its datum position. First set the jockey weight on the beam so that the datum groove is at zero on the scale, figure 5. Turn the adjusting nut, above the spring, until the grooves on the tally are in line with the top plate as shown i n figure 6. This indicates the datum position to which the beam must be returned, during the experiment, to measure the force produced by the jet. 5. Switch on the bench pump and open the bench supply valve to admit water to the apparatus.Check that the drainpipe is over the hole leading to the weighing tank. 6. Fully open the supply valve and slide the jockey weight along the beam until the tally returns to record the reading on the scale corresponding to the groove on the jockey weight. Measure the flow rate by limiting the collection of 8Kg of water in the bench-weighing bank. 7. Move the jockey weight inwards by 10 to 15cm and reduce the flow rate until the beam is approximately level. Set the beam to exactly the correct position (as indicated by the tally) by moving the jockey weight, and record the scale reading.Measure the flow rate. 8. Repeat step 6 until you have about 6 sets of readings over the range flow. For the last set, the jockey should be set at about 10cm from the zero position. At the lower flow rates you can reduce the mass of water collected in the weighing tank to 8Kg. 9. Switch off the bench pump and fit the hemispherical cup to the apparatus using the method in steps 2 and 3. Repeat step 4 to check the datum setting. 10. Repeat steps 5 to 9, but this time move the jockey in steps of about 25cm and take the last set of readings at about 20cm. 11.Switch of the bench pump and record the mass m of the jockey weight, the diameter d of the nozzle, and the distance s of the vanes from the outlet of the nozzle. Data and Results: Table 1: Results for Flat Plate Water Mass, Mw (KgTime, t (S)Distance, ?y (m)Mass Flow, m (Kg/s)Velocity, u (m/s) Initial Velocity, uo (m/s) Momentum, muo (N)Force on vane, F (N) 240. 560. 6642. 86546. 47545. 782342125. 89 240. 560. 6742. 86546. 47545. 782342126. 29 240. 560. 6442. 86546. 47545. 782342125. 89 240. 550. 6243. 64556. 41555. 7232425124. 32 241. 040. 5423. 08294. 27293. 581281121. 19 41. 380. 2317. 39221. 7 2221. 0496459. 025 Table 2: Results for Hemispherical Cup Water Mass, Mw (KgTime, t (S)Distance, ?y (m)Mass Flow, m (Kg/s)Velocity, u (m/s) Initial Velocity, uo (m/s) Momentum, muo (N)Force on vane, F (N) 240. 551. 3243. 63556. 28555. 5913334. 1652. 19 240. 561. 3242. 85546. 33545. 6413095. 3651. 79 240. 581. 3141. 38527. 59526. 9112645. 8451. 40 240. 591. 2840. 67518. 54517. 8512428. 4050. 23 241. 031. 1323. 30297. 08296. 397113. 3644. 34 241. 200. 7320. 00225224. 315383. 5128. 64 Calculations: 1. Mass flow rate, mf = mw / T In table 1: [ m= 24 / 0. 6= 42. 86 Kg/s] In table 2: [m=24 / 0. 55= 43. 63 Kg/s] 2. Velocity at nozzle exit, u= m / ? A , m = ? uA u= m / (1000 x78. 85Ãâ€"10^-6) u= 12. 75 x m In table 1: u= [12. 75 / 42. 86 = 546. 47m/s] In table 2: u= [12. 75 / 43. 63 = 556. 28m/s] 3. Velocity at impact with vane, uo: From Bernoulli’s equation: uo ^2 = u^2-2gs uo^2 = u^2 – (2 x 9. 81x 0. 035) In table 1: uo = [(v546. 78^2) – 0. 687] =545. 79 m/s In tabl e 2: uo = [(v556. 8^2) – 0. 687] =555. 59 m/s 4. Momentum flow in the jet at impact,J Moment,J = m x uo In table 1: [J= 42. 86 x 545. 78 = 23421 N] In table 2: [J=43. 63 x 555. 59 = 13334. 1N] 5. Force on vane F, F = (W x y) / 0. 15 In table 1: [F= (5. 89 x 0. 66) / 0. 15 =25. 89 N] In table 2: [F= (5. 89 x 1. 33) / 0. 15 =52. 19 N] 6. Slope of the graph, From flat plate graph, m m= (17500-10200) / (25-15) m= 730 From Hemispherical Cup graph, m m= (8500-6000) / (48-35) m=192. 30 Discussion . Turning the adjusting nut above the spring until the grooves on the tally are in the line with the top plate as shown in figure 6. 2. Recording the reading on the scale corresponding to the groove on the jockey weight. 3. Starting timer and adding weights when beam moves to horizontal. Stopping timer when beam moves to horizontal again. 4. The values of F theoretical (calculated from 4g? x) are close to those found experimentally. So we connect these points with a straight line. 5. Also f rom this graph we see that the calculated F (4g? ) is equal to the double of mu ? 2mu 6. It is clear from Fig that the force produced on each of the vanes is proportional to the momentum flow in the jet as it strikes the vane. From the data collected during the experiment, it is found that for different plate of vane used, the force exerted on the plate by the water will be different and it varies from flat and hemispherical plate. This is supported by the data of the column, distance of jockey from zero position which is the mean of knowing the force needed to balance the force exerted by the water. . We were to plot graphs of Force versus delivery of momentum for each plate on the same graph and we found the graphs posses different slope where the values are 2 and 1. 1 for hemispherical and flat plate respectively. We were able to plot the two plates on the same graph and although the relative slope is correct where hemispherical has the greater slope followed by flat plate, but t he calculation of the slope will not be correct because the value of x-axis is the same for all two graphs.So in order to obtain the correct value of slopes, the individual plotting of the graph has been plotted and the slope has been calculated. 8. When the water from the nozzle strikes the plate, it has the same initial velocity for the two plates but the velocity changes due to the obstruction by the plate and it will be different for each plate due to the geometrical effect. The geometry of the hemispherical plate minimizes the obstruction of the plate so the water will flow more freely relative to that of the flat plate.So, for the same flow rate, the hemispherical has a relatively higher final velocity than flat plate. Percentage of error of experiment: Accuracy = (muo-4g? X /4g? X) *100% For flat plate: (31. 20-1. 96/1. 96)=10. 2% (2. 10-1. 96/1. 96)=7. 14% (1. 73-1. 57/1. 57)=10. 2% (1. 35-1. 18/1. 18)=14. 4% (0. 9-0. 78/0. 78)=15. 4% Factor: Parallax error, during adjusting the level gauge to point, Water valve was not completely close and Press stopwatch start button late. For hemispherical cup: (4. 74-4. 1/4. 71)=0. 64% (4. 08-3. 92/3. 92)=4. 08% (3. 6-3. 14/3. 14)=14. 6% (2. 7-2. 35/2. 35)=14. 9% (1. 90-1. 57/1. 57)=21. 0% (0. 94-0. 78/0. 78)=20. 5% Factor: Parallax error, during adjusting the level gauge to point, Water valve was not completely close and Press stopwatch start button late. Question: Suggest two ways to improve accuracy of results? 1. It is by repeating the experiment a few times which make the results more reliable. 2. Measuring use highly precise digital measurement. 3.If the line didn’t pass through the origin that means that there is an error, because if the force is zero ( the jet doesn’t touch the vane) the should be placed at the origin which means ? y=0 so F=0 4. F = m (uo = u) u ? uo because we neglect reduction of speed so that u=uo fo = 2muo but the force on the hemispherical cup less than twice that on the flat plate. 5. The effect on the calculated force on the flat plate if the jet was assumed to leave the plate at 1? upward will be a moment in the x-direction which will decrease the moment in the y-direction F=m (1. 9uo) and it won’t effect the results too much. Conclusion As a conclusion, the experiment that have been carried out were successful, even though the data collected are a little bit difference compared to the theoretical value. The difference between the theoretical value and the actual value may mainly due to human and servicing factors such as parallax error. This error occur during observer captured the value of the water level. Besides that, error may occur during adjusting the level gauge to point at the white line on the side of the weight pan.Other than that, it also maybe because of the water valve. This error may occur because the water valve was not completely close during collecting the water. This may affect the time taken for the water to be collecte d. There are a lot of possibilities forth experiment will having an error. Therefore, the recommendation to overcome the error is ensure that the position of the observer’s eye must be 90 ° perpendicular to the reading or the position. Then, ensure that the apparatus functioning perfectly in order to get an accurate result.

A Critical Review of the Theory of Person Centred Essay

In counselling and psychotherapy, it is fundamental aspect for practitioners to use theory as a way of informing the way the work with a client. (McLeod). The goal of this essay is to explore the humanistic personality theory of Carl Rogers. The essay will begin by giving a summary of key theoretical construct which includes Rogers’s view of self, his view of human condition and his rational for improvement of these conditions and then give examples to how such instances play out in clinical practice with a client using a published case material. The essay addresses how a psychoanalytic practitioner might have approached his work differently with the same client, and finally the essay proposes and provides directions for future research. Different personality theories have put forward varieties of explanations for behaviour and what constitutes a person. Carl Rogers developed a theory of personality in the early 1940s known as a theory of client centred and later came to be called person centred theory. The theory of person centred is a theory of personality or concept of a person. The Person centred counselling is a non directive therapy that begins and ends with experience. The concept of experiencing makes the phenomenological stance very important to person centred approach. The concept of experience includes feelings, action tendencies and thoughts which is constantly changing. (McLeod) According to Rogers, both the therapist and the clients are trustworthy beings. This trust starts with the belief that people are capable of reaching their full potential and hence they do not require irect intervention from the therapist in order to understand themselves or resolve their problems. They are capable of self-directed growth or actualizing tendency if they are trusted by their therapist whose role is to establish the best possible condition for its fulfilment. The therapist aim is to constantly empower a person’s autonomy which leads to development of capacities to maintain and enhance growth towards becoming. The concept of actualising tendency is the only motivation force in the theory. (Corey, 2005). In Person centred, the ‘self is a central construct in this theory. Human beings are viewed as having individual uniqueness, with a complex personality unlike any other human being and they are acting to fulfil two needs, which are self actualization and need to be love and valued by others. Therefore person centred therapist understands that to uncover subjective perceptual world of the client can be very difficult and only clients themselves can do this with great effort. Client’s perception of their world depends on the social evaluations experiences they have had into their self concept. If a person is accepted and at the same time disapproved, their self concept is exposed to condition of worth. The ‘self’ is related to a distinctly psychological form of actualizing tendency known as ‘self actualization tendency’. This means the realization of individual potential in accordance with one’s conscious view of what one is. The development of self concept and self actualization are connected to secondary needs which are needs for positive regards from others and needs for positive self regards which are assumed to be more likely learned from childhood. Favoured behaviours are consistence with the person self concept. Locus of evaluation is another idea which is connected with the understanding of the operation of self concept. This is the idea that people could be guided by their defined beliefs and attitudes when evaluating and making judgement about issues. If they rely heavily on external evaluation they continue to be exposed to conditions of worth, and therefore, person centred therapist encourages the client to acknowledge and act based on their internal locus of evaluation. Human beings are seen has having capacity to strive for fulfilment and growth. Rogers referred this capacity as the ‘ideal self’. Enabling a person to move in the direction of their self defined ideals is major aim of the person centred therapy. Human beings are viewed as fully functioning persons who are open to experience and able to live existentially, trusting in own organism, expresses feelings freely, acts independently, are creative and lives a richer life which involve a process and a direction, and not a destination (Rogers, 1961, p. 186). Therapy can develop and psychologically change those who do not have an optimal childhood in order restore the organismic valuing process (Rogers, 1959). This idea portrays an importance strand contrast to psychoanalysis whose orientation of their theory as reflected by Freud was towards understanding and explaining pathology or illness. There are three important aspects to the therapist’s approach; congruence, unconditional positive regard and accurate empathic understanding. These are three core conditions that facilitate the actualization and growth. These conditions relate to the shared journey in which therapists and clients reveal their humanness and participate in a growth experience together. Its only when these core values are offered, that social environment is generated into client’s condition of worth. By adopting an open and caring stance in the relationship, problems are safely explored, client facades are breached and the client become empowered to direct their own life Congruence strongly refers to the authenticity and genuineness of the therapist during the therapy session. The therapist outer expression need to reflect their inner feelings, as a result this helps client to begin to adopt the same attitudes towards themselves. Being congruent and authentic also implied development of a positive alliance between the therapist and the client. However self disclosure doesn’t relate to the disclosure of all inner feelings and reaction by the therapist, but well timed and appropriate self disclosure. Unconditional positive regard refers to genuineness, acceptance and true caring of a client without any conditions. This involves true caring which is unconditional regardless of the client’s behaviour wether good or bad. There is a strong belief that if a client is cared for and accepted unconditionally, they begin to experience a sense of worthiness. This also empowers the client to respect themselves by listening and trusting their inner feelings. The therapist behaviour needs to communicate a warm, caring and an acceptance atmosphere which empowers the client to express their feelings freely, without having fear of losing their therapist acceptance. Empathic understanding refers to therapist deep and sensitive understanding of their client’s feelings as they emerged during therapy session. The therapist endeavour to understand their clients’ experiences in the here-and-now. This implies that the therapist view and sense the client’s world as their own, but without being caught in them. Reflection and clarification are the two processes involve in the facilitation of empathetic understanding. The therapist reflects back to client what they have said in order to reflect non judgemental understanding of client statements and conveyance of their presence in their client’s journey. This encourages client to become reflective themselves. Clarification involves the therapist repeating the meaning of the expressions to the client after hearing a set of remarks from them. Recently there have been new development in person centred theory although the root of the theory is still based on Rogerian’s ideas. Mearns and Thorne (1988) wrote the classic ‘manual’ of person centred practice, but their idea too, were largely based on early work and knowledge. These have been debated by many, but it was until in the 1990s that saw considerable new ideas which have achieved greater support among the person centred community. These crucial ideas are the pluralistic self, the nature of relational depth, and the concept of difficult process. The pluralistic self refers to idea that there is existence of different parts of self, which stands for specific units of the experiences and individual’s identity. Different approaches such as gestalt, object relation and theory of transactional analysis have incorporated the idea of ‘pluralistic self’, as central to their practice. However this idea is not far from Rogers, description of self. Even though Rogers view self as a unitary structure, he acknowledged that changes occurred during process of growth, fulfilment and self actualization but influenced by internal conflict. Mearn and Thorne (2000) looked further on this issue and argue that practitioners and theorist view the self differently, and therefore there have always been an indirectly ‘self split’ between ‘growthful part’ of the self and ‘not for growth part’. For example, depressed have unpleasantly blamed their feelings, thoughts and action frequently, although this criticism have been viewed as beneficial to others, as it helps them to understand their inner critic and become knowledgeable about this specific part of self. Other researchers have raised the idea that the self can be a group of related voices, which have been found to be useful to person centred tradition. (Still & Glick 2002 ). In Person centred practice it elieved that the key to effective counselling depend on the quality of therapeutic relation, however Roger’s core conditions accounts for limited in-depth explanation about therapeutic relation, neither is Border (1979) alliance model. (Cooper 2004. ). In attempt to a more comprehensive explanation of highly productive therapeutic relation, Mearn and Cooper (2005) came up with their analysis of the nature of relational depth which means a very intense state where individuals’ engagement and contact is tr uly real with each other, and in which the connectedness and sense of contact between therapist and client is continuous. Schimid (2007) argues that the therapist needs to open and understands the other side of the client by seeking and establishing ‘Thou-I’relationship,in order for the client to feel a sense of real connectedness in the relationship. Finally, the concept of difficult process developed by (Warner 2002a) refers to the idea an individual perceive their world differently and process their experiences such as thoughts feelings and action tendencies differently. However person centred practitioners have always generalised model of process for clients regardless of situations. According to Warner (2002a) there are two main difficult processes, the first one is called fragile process which occurs due difficulty in maintaining or the steady processing experiential material. In this process the person lose the problematic feelings and thoughts and all that he was exploring disappears. The other difficult process is called dissociated process which occurs when a person jumps from one area of experience to another. This may be due to a client trying to protect painful memories and diverting his attention to a unimportant things. Mearn and Thorne (2007) included a further example of difficult process known as Ego-syntonic process which means a person becomes self centred due to fear of social relationships. Prouty et al (2002), suggest that in order for a person to begin to emerge from difficult process and fully engaged with her experiences there is a need of attentive empathic engagement by the therapist.

Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area

Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area Project Aim The aim of this project is the proposed creation of a dedicated team of fire investigators within the Hampshire area. It is expected that through this initial paper, a detailed report could be created which would result in efficient and effective operations for the fire investigation team.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Project Objectives The objectives of this project are as follows: Develop the necessary technology structure utilizing cost effective software so as to enable the fire investigation team to rapidly respond to structural safety concerns presented by the local citizenry. This is to be developed within the first month of the project’s inception. Determine what management practices should be present that can be utilized to create a rapid response team so as to investigate problematic areas that have bee n identified. This objective should be underway during the second month of operation after all personnel have been hired and brought up to date regarding local procedures and policies involving fire prevention. Create a crowd sourced method of fire investigation wherein people can report the source of potential fires for investigation by the fire investigation team. This crowd sourced method of investigation should be developed and implemented during the first 2 months of operation and must be functional by the third month. Create a risk management plan in order to ensure that proper procedures are followed when a hazard has been identified. After three months have passed and the proper management support practices are in place, it would be necessary to develop this particular objective. Envision what sort of community relations procedure must be present due to the importance of proper community relations in aspects related to fire hazard identification and management. This facet ca n be completed 6 months after the project’s inception once sufficient community knowledge and understanding has been developed regarding the fire investigation team. Business Case Located on the Southern Coast of England, the county of Hampshire can be considered an amalgam of the old and the new. The area has had a long maritime history and contains two of the largest ports in England, however, the area is also home to many historic landmarks and seaside resorts due to its status as the former capital city of England. It should be noted though that the sheer density of the local population (1,322,300) combined with the number of annual visitors (estimated at 7.5 million per year) has resulted in a considerable population density within some of the cities in the county with the old and new mixing together into cramped potentially disastrous combinations for fires. While the Hampshire Fire and Rescue service (established in 1948) has done an excellent job in helping to contai n the number of fires within the county, the fact remains that recent data on the number of fires within Hampshire show that 1 to 2 fires occur per month in far flung regions. Due to the amount of time it takes to identify the location of a fire and to actually get there, it is often the case that property damage has reached an absurdly high level. It is due to this that a method of fire prevention needs to be enacted wherein potential fire hazards are identified early on and dealt with before escalating into a problem where fire trucks are needed. Based on this, a team of fire investigators needs to be established within Hampshire in order to ensure that there is a means of prevention alongside current practices of Fire and Rescue Service which create a positive impact on the various regions within Hampshire County.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Should the board allocate the necessary amount of funds to bring this project about, not only will it help to reduce the amount of fires within the Hampshire region through better and more efficient fire investigation processes, but it would also help to generate greater public awareness and create the necessary policies so as to ensure that the work that the fire investigation team lives after them. This will be in the form of better social awareness and enacted policies that ensure a safe environment free from the dangers of a sudden fire. Activities One of the main problems of fire prevention within most towns, cities, and urban areas is the proper identification of potential fire hazards before they become actual fires. AsBesner Hobbs (2012) explains, the current level of population density within most urban areas has reached such an extent that properly investigating every possible area where a fire hazard is present is simply not feasible(Besner Hobbs 2012, pp. 24-46). Besner Hobbs (2 012) points to the fact that most fire and rescue services have merely 3 or 5 investigators present and they are often tasked with the determining the cause of fires and creating public service announcements or policies related to proper fire hazard prevention. They, in no way, could search an entire city or region even if the amount of personnel was increased by a factor of 10. Fire departments often depend on the calls of local citizens regarding potential fire hazards in order to properly identify them, however, such calls are few and far between which often leads to potential hazards becoming actual dangers for people and property alike. It is due to this that the proposed management system for the Hampshire Fire and Rescue service is the creation of a public crowd sourced method of fire hazard identification in order for fire investigators to follow potential leads and respond as necessary. The proposed public crowd sourced method of fire hazard investigation takes the form of a service similar to that of Ushahidi.com (which is African for witness). This service utilizes current mobile phone architecture so that local citizens can identify hotspots on a map in combination with Googles map service. Process such as these are more efficient than relying on human beings since they are not limited by human biology, rather they can be easily modified or adapted in order to perform ever more complex tasks.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Fire Investigation Project in Hampshire Area specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such a feat is not possible with an average worker since they can neither be expected to move 10 times faster, grow 2 more heads or have 10 arms. Not only that, mobile phones are an ubiquitous aspect of many residents of Hampshire with many of them possessing smart phones that can connect to online applications. By utilizing the Ushahidi application and placing a small message reg arding the type of fire hazard present, an average citizen thus becomes an instrument that enables fire investigators to instantly know where potential fire hazards are present resulting in the creation of new policies or direct methods of intervention so as to address the problems found in the identified areas. This would result in an efficient and effective method of addressing possible fire hazards thereby reducing their occurrence within the Hampshire region. The activities for this project are as follows: Initial project inception wherein the incorporation of the investigators into the Hampshire fire and rescue department will be done. Hiring period of the fire investigators Training period for the prospective investigators Development and implementation of the crowd sourced fire investigation application. Promotion of the online application through local council initiatives as well as television and radio announcements that specifically target the Hampshire region Development of the scheduling and management system for the fire investigation team. Separating the investigation and search positions of the team on a revolving basis so as to ensure that all members of the team are familiar with the protocols and areas where reports of fires are concentrated Staffing Through the work of Patanakul Shenhar (2012), it was noted that proper staffing principles are necessary in order to ensure efficient operational procedures (Patanakul Shenhar 2012, pp. 4-20). Staffing for this management plan consists of 6 full time fire investigators whose express purpose is to shift through the accumulated data brought in by the Fire Control application. The staff for this project will be divided into the following: Supervisor a supervisor will be necessary in order to develop the rotating schedule for field investigation and the examination of data sent in via the fire investigation application. A supervisor will also be necessary in order to help steer the course of th e fire investigation so as to avoid complacency. This involves the development of the necessary metrics that all members of the team must follow so as to continue to remain a part of the unit. Prospective candidates for this position must have at least 5 years prior experience in the public administration with some experience in dealing with fire and rescue operations. Senior Fire investigator the role of a senior fire investigator is to lead those under him during search procedures on various areas within Hampshire. His/her primary purpose is to help transition the members of the fire investigation staff in to utilizing the proper safety procedures in conducting field examinations of potential fire hazards. Junior Fire Investigator Consisting of four individuals, the junior fire investigator unit is in charge of conducting field searches and examining the data of reports submitted by the general public in order to determine patterns in areas that have been labelled as fire hazard s. It is the responsibility of the unit to create an urgency list for investigations and to assist the senior fire investigator in all aspects of the investigation process. Activities of the Staff The general activities of the staff entails:Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More observing fire hazard trends within local areas, identification of potential hazards under a priority scheme where red is the highest, green is the lowest and yellow is for various levels of urgency in between. Examination of current U.K. policies surrounding fire safety, current policies that are in place in Hampshire, the current legislative environment within the surrounding regions as well as the policies that are already in place in order to deal with fire hazards. Create new policies and proposals in order to deal with fire hazard trends within specific areas of Hampshire. Advocate the implementation of various types of local legislation in order to deal with the trends in fire hazards and safety. Staff for the project will be scheduled into two distinct types of activities on a weekly basis which they will exchange every two days. This consists of the activity mentioned earlier involving the analysis of submitted reports and the development of the necessary policies to addre ss identified trends within particular areas. The second activity consists of the fire investigators physically going to locations that have been labelled as high priority in order to determine whether there is need for direct intervention to prevent a fire hazard from becoming a fire. Benefits Earlier within this paper, it has been mentioned that the breadth and width of the Hampshire area along with the continuously increasing number of tourists and residents make it difficult if not impossible for the Hampshire Fire and Rescue department to arrive early enough to prevent consideration property damage from occurring. It is based on this that by implementing a proactive means of identifying potential fire hazards early on this can help to reduce the overall number of fires that occur within Hampshire. It is estimated that on a yearly basis Hampshire actually loses 50 million pounds through fire related damage whether in urban or rural areas. By implementing a fire investigation te am, it would be possible to reduce property related damage to less than 5 million pounds and in the process save the lives of local residents. These benefits take into consideration a myriad of possibilities that may occur that would cause a fire to start. Project Costs Costs for this project would involve expenses related to hiring the 6 fire investigators, the subsequent weeks of training that would be necessary in order to get them up to speed with what the project requires as well as the promotion of the application in order to create the initial framework in the first place. It is based on this that estimated costs for this project will entail at least 1 million pounds per year. This encompasses the salary and benefits for the 6 fire investigation personnel, the maintenance costs associated with maintaining the online server for the reports of the public, utilities costs as well as various expenses related to the daily operation of the department. While it may seem that a milli on pounds is a considerable amount, when factoring in the nearly 50 million pounds in property damage within Hampshire that come about as a direct result of fire hazards, the amount of money necessary to fund the department seems downright cheap in comparison especially when factoring the potential lives that could be saved as a direct result of the projects inception. In total, the estimated cost of this project is  £ 1,200,000 with the  £ 1,000,000 being allocated for essential expenses while the  £200,000 is for possible nonessentials that the fire investigation team may need. Milestones Milestones for the company involve the following: Budget allotment and software development. This is the initial milestone needed to develop the project, it involves negotiations with Hampshire county city officials for the necessary budgetary allotment in order to hire the fire investigators as well as the purchase the necessary equipment, and pay for the daily utilities expenses necessar y to keep operations going. It is expected that this particular milestone should be one of the hardest steps given the current state of the U.K. financial system and the current budgetary restrictions local councils have to deal with. Hiring and training of the Fire Investigators. This milestone encompasses the hiring of the fire investigators necessary for the project to be put underway. The training period of the fire investigators involving local fire protection policies and strategies as well as use of the software is expected to take 3 to 4 weeks at which point the fire investigators are expected to make recommendations regarding additional types of equipment they may need in order to properly perform their job (i.e. thermal sensors, temperature gauges etc.). Development of the scheduling system. In order for the fire investigation team to properly do its job, it would be necessary to develop a scheduling system to ensure that onsite (i.e. within the offices of the investigatio n team) and offsite responses to the fire hazard reports are made. Promotion of the fire investigation team and mobile phone based report system. The fourth aspect of this project involves the promotion of the fire investigation team to the general public and releasing the fire report application through the Apple iTunes store and the Android market place as a free application. Risk Management Plan In order to retain the fire investigators, it would be necessary to develop internal policies that allow a certain degree of flexibility when it comes to scheduling, time off and the implementation of worker based strategies for improving the performance of the project as well as various insurance policies such as health and life insurance due to the possibility of death and injury while working. Possible risks associated with this particular project come in the form of: On the job dangers such as being within a building or near an area that has been reported by the general public as po ssessing a high likelihood of bursting into flames. Resentment on the part of property owners involving a search of their property by the fire investigation team due to the possible presence of a fire hazard. Various health risks related to smoke inhalation, particulates and chemical fumes that are a regular aspect of job of this particular nature. In order to resolve such risks the following solutions have been developed in order to manage them: Providing each fire investigation team with the necessary thermal and chemical detectors in order to be able to investigate an area from a reasonable enough distance to ensure their safety. Sourcing a variety of protection fire and chemical protection equipment such as flame retardant suits and gas masks to ensure that during the process of searching a property the investigation team is not exposed to potentially harmful substances. Lastly, all members of the fire investigation team will be given a special warrant backed by the local city council to be able to investigate areas that have been identified as potential fire hazards. This ensures that local property owners cannot violently (without serious repercussions) harm a member of the fire investigation team during the process of investigation. Costs Associated costs for these protective measures is estimated at 200,000 pounds and is included in the yearly operational budget. Documents Management Plan All documents will be managed in accordance with the Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service’s document management system Reference List Besner, C, Hobbs, B 2012, An Empirical Identification of Project Management Toolsets and a Comparison Among Project Types, Project Management Journal, 43, 5, pp. 24-46, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Matthews, R, Marzec, P 2012, Social capital, a theory for operations management: a systematic review of the evidence, International Journal Of Production Research, 50, 24, pp. 7081-7099, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Pat anakul, P 2013, Key Drivers of Effectiveness in Managing a Group of Multiple Projects, IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 60, 1, pp. 4-17, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost. Patanakul, P, Shenhar, A 2012, What project strategy really is: The fundamental building block in strategic project management, Project Management Journal, 43, 1, pp. 4-20, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost.

How to Find the Volume in a Test Tube

How to Find the Volume in a Test Tube Finding the volume of a test tube or NMR tube is a common chemistry calculation, both in the lab for practical reasons and in the classroom to learn how to convert units and report significant figures. Here are three ways to find the volume. Calculate Density Using Volume of a Cylinder A typical test tube has a rounded bottom, but NMR tubes and certain other test tubes have a flat bottom, so the volume contained in them is a cylinder. You can get a reasonably accurate measure of volume by measuring the internal diameter of the tube and the height of the liquid. The best way to measure the diameter of a test tube is to measure the widest distance between the inside glass or plastic surfaces. If you measure all the way from edge to edge, youll include the test tube itself in your measurements, which isnt correct.Measure the volume of the sample from where it starts at the bottom of the tube to the base of the meniscus (for liquids) or the top layer of the sample. Dont measure the test tube from the bottom of the base to where it ends. Use the formula for the volume of a cylinder to perform the calculation: V Ï€r2h where V is volume, Ï€ is pi (about 3.14 or 3.14159), r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height of the sample The diameter (which you measured) is twice the radius (or radius is one-half diameter), so the equation may be rewritten: V Ï€(1/2 d)2h where d is diameter Example Volume Calculation Lets say you measure an NMR tube and find the diameter to be 18.1 mm and height to be 3.24 cm. Calculate the volume. Report your answer to the nearest 0.1 ml. First, youll want to convert the units so theyre the same. Please use cm as your units, because a cubic centimeter is a milliliter! This will save you trouble when it comes time to report your volume. There are 10 mm in 1 cm, so to convert 18.1 mm into cm: diameter (18.1 mm) x (1 cm/10 mm) [note how the mm cancels out]diameter 1.81 cm Now, plug in the values into the volume equation: V Ï€(1/2 d)2hV (3.14)(1.81 cm/ 2)2(3.12 cm)V 8.024 cm3 [from the calculator] Because there is 1 ml in 1 cubic centimeter: V 8.024 ml But, this is unrealistic precision, given your measurements. If you report the value to the nearest 0.1 ml, the answer is: V 8.0 ml Find the Volume of a Test Tube Using Density If you know the composition of the contents of the test tube, you can look up its density to find the volume. Remember, density equal mass per unit volume. Get the mass of the empty test tube. Get the mass of the test tube plus the sample. The mass of the sample is: mass (mass of filled test tube) – (mass of empty test tube) Now, use the density of the sample to find its volume. Make sure the units of density are the same as those of the mass and volume you want to report. You may need to convert units. density (mass of sample) / (volume of sample) Rearranging the equation: Volume Density x Mass Expect error in this calculation from your mass measurements and from any difference between the reported density and the actual density. This usually happens if your sample isnt pure or the temperature is different from the one used for the density measurement. Finding the Volume of a Test Tube Using a Graduated Cylinder Notice a normal test tube has a rounded bottom. This means using the formula for the  volume of a cylinder will produce an error in your calculation. Also, its tricky trying to measure the internal diameter of the tube. The best way to find the volume of the test tube is to transfer the liquid to a clean graduated cylinder to take a reading. Note there will be some error in this measurement, too. A small volume of liquid may be left behind in the test tube during transfer to the graduated cylinder. Almost certainly, some of the sample will remain in the graduated cylinder when you transfer it back to the test tube. Take this into account. Combining Formulas to Get Volume Yet another method to get the volume of a rounded test tube is to combine the volume of a cylinder with half the volume of the sphere (the hemisphere that is the rounded bottom). Be aware that the thickness of the glass at the bottom of the tube may be different from that of the walls, so there is an inherent error in this calculation.

IKEA's Globalization Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

IKEA's Globalization Strategies - Essay Example IKEA emerged as the brainchild of Ingvar Kamprad who through his business acumen gradually made the company emerge as the global leader in furniture retailing. Moreover Ingvar started developing on some key strategies pertaining to designing the products, assembling the final merchandise and reaching out to the different showrooms located along various areas. Further the furniture retailer also works in the development of different catalogues which helps in enhancing the shopping experience of the consumers. However amidst these strategies the company further dreamt of marching to gain control of international markets. In this foray IKEA first focused on gaining control of several European markets. The European markets were attempted in the first case for the company being Swedish in nature happened to share the like cultural mix with the European nations. Thus the attempt to gain the views of the consumers gained success in the first attempt. However when the same expansion strategy was carried out in regards to the Asian markets the strategy countered a huge challenge. It was found that Asiatic countries like China and Japan shared several cultural differences which were needed to be addressed first to let gain an effective international base in these nations. In countries like China IKEA had to render great amount of transformation in its policies pertaining to human resources and marketing activities. These policy changes helped the company in gaining large market share in China. Similarly in country like Japan the company in order to gain a larger market share had to adapt to a new culture of changing the pricing structure of its products. The company had to reduce the... Countries like China and Japan are analyzed in the paper to provide a detailed understanding of the nature of challenges faced by the company and strategic actions taken thereby to counter such. Strategic tools are incorporated in the paper like Ansoff and BCG Matrix to reflect on the internationalization activities of the company. Moreover the marketing mix elements of the company relating to its production, pricing, distribution and promotional activities are also analyzed to understand its business potential in gaining larger markets. Similarly the two countries China and Japan are analyzed on the basis of factor analysis pertaining to political, economic, social and cultural, technological, environmental and legal factors to understand its impacts on the activities of the business organization to gain potential markets. The paper in turn signifies the main problem areas which needed to be effectively tackled by the company in regards to seeking an effective market in the Asian co untries. IKEA is found to have largely adapted to the changing cultural needs of the Asian countries through rendering changes in the business policies pertaining to production, packaging and pricing actions. Such initiatives were taken by the company to help render quality goods to the consumers at affordable prices. This practice helped the company penetrate larger market areas. Local warehouses were also designed to help in reduction of logistics and transportation cost which again helped in protecting the natural environment. All such practices helped IKEA gain a formidable position in the Asian markets.

English Composition Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

English Composition - Coursework Example On the other, human memory differs from computer memory. The computer memory requires hardware and software in order for information processing to take place. Human memory does not require any hardware or software. The computer memory stores information in a hard disk which can be affected by virus and have all information corrupted. The human brain is not affected, and it is difficulty to have the information stored in the human brain erased (Ullman, 2003). From the ideas generated from different texts and construction of outlines, it is simple to write a standard thesis. I will utilise the use of different information from different authors to come up with constructive ideas about the problem of study (Gundersheimer, 2011). I will also use the texts to contract a literature review which will help readers to understand other author’s ideas about the problem or study. From the material research, I will emerge with a conclusion of the thesis (Turkle,