George Orwell and Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four Essay -- Ninet

George Orwell and Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four On each landing, frigid the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the render beneath it ran. (Orwell 4 Nineteen). George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four presents a negative utopian picture, a society ruled by rigid totalitarianism. The government which Orwell creates in his novel is ruled by an entity known as Big Brother and consists of three branches. The Ministry of Truth, overseeing the distribution of propaganda and other printed materials, the Ministry of War, the millitary unit, and the Ministry of Love, the law enforcement division, make up the government. The main character, Winston Smith, does non completely accept the ideology that is fed to him by the government, through the concept of Big Brother. When one examines George Orwells life, it can be cle arly seen that he personifies his political perceptions, accessible and aesthetic characteristics, and self-examination of his own writing, through Winston Smith, in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwells political perceptions, especially his skepticism of mass media, are given life through Winston Smith. outlay time working for the British Broadcasting Company (BBC), Orwell experienced many distorted truths and propaganda (Woodcock 9). This led to an intense distrust of those in power and their influence on the information distributed to and recieved by the general public. Orwell explains how history is altered by whomever is in power. In Orwells essay Revising History he examines the credibility of history and finds that it is... ...cyclopedia of late World Literature. New York Hawthorn Books Inc. 1963 343. Kollar, Maros. George Orwell Biography. 4 pgs. Online. America Online. 18 Jan. 1999. Available www.suldal.vgs.no/engelsk/orwell/bioorw.htm. Magill, Frank N. ed. Survey of Science Fiction Literature. Vol. 3. Englewood Cliffs Salem Press, 1979 1532-1533. Orwell, George.Revising History. As I Please 4 Feb. 1944. Online. America Online. 2 Jan. 1999 1-2. ---.Nineteen Eighty-Four. Ontario Penguin Books, 1949 10, 61. ---.Why I Write. 1947 5pgs. Online. America Online. 2 Jan. 1999. Available www.resort.com/prime8/orwell/whywrite.html. Reilly, Patrick. Nineteen Eighty-Four Past, Present and Future. capital of Massachusetts, MA Twayne Publishers. 1989 xv, xvi. Woodcock, George. The Crystal Spirit. Boston Little, Brown and Company. 1966 9, 57, 219, 258.

The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea: True Order Exists in the E

The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea True Order Exists in the undefendable CoreThe seas refuse to obey any of mans laws. Winds, storms and currents shift and distort the massive waters, shaping the land that lies within them. Unexplored in regions, the black depths mimic sleeping prior to rising up at unpredictable moments of torrential strength. The oceans murder, rape and disregard of life is not punishable by any law or code of morality, and in Yukio Mishimas The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, it exemplifies the perfect order of existence. Surviving according to natures impulse, the ocean is the model of a raw, reactionary being. To the youths in the story, this cold lifestyle is the only means by which one can become aligned with the perfect summation of existence. To betray oneself to feelings, morals and similar illusions created by adults is locomote from grace with ones own distinct, perfect usance.In The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea, the prec eding theories are explored by a group of six young Nipponese scholars, and a 13-year old Chief leads this band. The story is told from the point of view of the middle genius, Noboru, who is delineated as Number 3 of the six scholars. Thus, Noborus number has a square reflection on his perception of the Chiefs teachings (the necessity of abolishing emotion). Though working to incorporate the Chiefs theories, Noboru has yet to detach himself completely from his subjective nature. Once this has been accomplished, his stature will boot out in the group, denoted by a higher number.The Chief, or Number 1, is the giver of knowledge (comparable to the asp in the Garden of Eden). His morbid ideas entail that the perfect core of existence... ... further anchor their own hearts into the current of existence.About the Author Yukio Mishima was born in Tokyo in 1925. Translations of his works have appeared in everywhere 15 countries, and he has composed plays, novels, short stories and nume rous articles. Many of his works, including the one explored in this paper, have been converted into motion pictures. At the peak of his career, Mishima committed seppuku (ritual suicide) on the afternoon of the completion of his masterwork, The Sea of Fertility. Oddly, this compilation of works is a literary drill of Mishimas own suicide perhaps he had fallen from grace with his role as a writer.Works CitedMishima, Yukio. The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea. New York Perigee Books, 1965.The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea. Twentieth Century Fox. Starring Sarah Miles, Kris Kristofferson, 1976.

The rate of reaction of Succinate dehydrogenase :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The say of reaction of Succinate dehydrogenaseIntroductionEnzymes ar protein molecules that function as biological catalyststhat can armed service break larger molecules into smaller molecules whileremaining unchanged themselves. They speed up the chemical reactionsby lowering the energy of activation barrier, are specific to onemolecule. The enzymes specificity arises from its active site, anarea with a shape corresponding to the molecule with which it reacts(the substrate). The shape of the enzyme where the chemical binds onlyallows the binding of that particular chemical, or inhibitorsubstrates that are structually similar to the substrate, competingfor the active site. The enzyme and the substrate slot together (likea key for a lock, or by induced fit) forming an enzymesubstratecomplex that allows the reaction to experience place.An enzymes activity is affected by its environment. Each enzyme has atemperature and pH level at which its activity is greatest and thereaction it catalyses proceeds at its fastest rate. The rate ofenzyme-catalysed reactions increases as the temperature and pHbalances approach its optimum level. At higher or lower temperaturesand pH balances, the enzyme molecules become damaged or denatured.They cannot catalyse the reaction very(prenominal) well, if at all, and the damageis usually permanent (Campbell, et al, 2006).The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of reaction ofsuccinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme extracted from chicken hearts. Therate of reaction was analysed considering two factors pH andtemperature. The baron for the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase tooxidise two alternative substrates (malonate and propionate) will alsobe examined.Materials and MethodPart 1. Effect of pH on enzyme activityBlender50 grams of modern chicken hearts - 2 days old purchased from localbutcher Rays meats Sorrento. Chicken hearts were kept in fridge untilprepared the evening of purchase.3 test tubesDistilled water0.2M Na2HPO4 with 1 00ml distilled water ( settlement 1)0.2M NaH2PO4 with 100ml distilled water (solution 2)0.1M succinate with 100ml distilled water0.0003 M DPIP with 100ml distilled waterBUFFERSpH 5 buffer 1ml solution 1 to 49ml of solution 2, mix fit 50 mldistilled waterpH 7.3 buffer 75ml solution 1 to 25ml solution 2, mix add 100mldistilled waterpH 9 buffer - 10ml solution 1 to 10ml distilled waterStopwatchEnzyme preparation (Wright, 2005)Chicken hearts were prepared according to notes in Lab (Wright 2005).This liquid formed the enzyme.A rack containing 3 test tubes were arranged containingtube 1 5.8 ml pH5 buffer1 ml 0.1M succinate.2 ml enzymetube 2. - 5.8 ml pH7.3 buffer1 ml 0.1M succinate.2 ml enzymetube 3. - 5.8 ml pH9 buffer1 ml 0.

Clifton Suspension Bridge Essay -- History Historical Bridge Architect

Clifton Suspension BridgeThe Clifton Suspension Bridge is located in Bristol England, and spans the beautiful Avon gorge. This bridge has obtain the symbol of Bristol much like the Eiffel tower has of Paris, and the Opera house has of Sydney. The story of the Clifton Suspension Bridge began in 1754 with the dream of a Bristol wine merchant who donated his vivification savings to build a bridge over the gorge. To decide on a suitable design for the bridge a competition was held. Thomas Telford, the lead story civil architect of the time was the judge. Mr. Telford attempted to submit his own design however the decision to decl be himself the winner was overruled and a second competition was held. This time, perverted to the recommendation of Thomas Telford, 24 year old Isambard Kindom Brunel was declared the winner and appointed watch engineer. Brunels design consisted of a suspension bridge that spanned the tip of the gorge. Telford disagreed with the concept of erecting a suspe nsion bridge of this size in such an exposed position. His doubt was likely a result of the near final stage of his last project the Menai suspension bridge. Nonetheless Brunel was given his first commission, and construction on the bridge began. The foundation stone was laid in 1831, however the project was plagued with political problems and by 1843 the project was abandon with only the towers complete. Before the political and funding problems could be resolved Brunel died an unexpected death at just 53 years old and the project had to be finished with out him. The design of the bridge was altered after his death. The original scheme was far more flowery with stone lions and Egyptian inspired decoration, these were left off the engineers who finished t... ...le plagued this project and by the time it was complete it was no longer the largest spanning bridge, though it is still a spectacular bridge sitting 76 meter above a deep gorge. Certainly a site worth seeing, apparently it is breathtaking to poking down the road to Bristol, turn a sharp corner and the white structure spanning the gorge. Today it costs 30p to cross the bridge in a car, pedestrians are not charged, and the speed limit has recently been raised to 25 miles per hour.Work Cited1.)http//www.clifton-suspension-bridge.org.uk/index.php, October 27, 20042.)http//www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Clifton_Suspension_Bridge.html, October 27, 20043.)http//www.farvis.com/bridge,htm.htm, October 27, 20044.)http//www.about-bristol.co.uk/lnd-00.asp, October 27, 20045.)http//www.brantacan.co.uk/suspension.htm, October 27, 2004

The Breakfast Club Essays -- Art

The Breakfast ClubAlmost 150 years ago, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., expressed the following sage-green but sad observation in his book The Professor at the Breakfast Table Society is al ways trying in some way or other to grind us down to a single flat surface. Unfortunately, this is still true today. Last week I saw the video The Breakfast Club written and directed by antic Hughes which expressed a similar theme. Fortunately, y let onh of every age ar quite cognisant of what they are going through and have the ability to break the fast imposed on them by the socialization process which begins in the home and is beef up at condition, not only by students and parents but teachers like Mr. Vernon as well. In The Breakfast Club five disparate personalities, each secure in his identity and yet filled with insecurities, spend a lazy Saturday confined to Detention at Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois, for various and sundry work violations. Yet each character has a troubled life as foreshadowed by his very presence in Detention. Families mold, intentionally or not, their children into little reflections of themselves. School, thru helpmate pressure, thru the various academic and social clubs, and thru the imaginary audience, serves to enhance the socialization process begun at home. Students are labeled and are not allowed to change their worlds. Students hang out only with people who look, dress, and live like themselves.There are nerds, freaks, cholos, etc. Theres the Math Club, Prep Club, Latin Club, Physics Club for students who belong. Mr. Vernon, the teacher in charge of the students, unknowingly assigns an essay with the subject who am I. Unwittingly because as Carl, the custodian and the eyes and ears of the institution, reveals that the students havent changed but that he, the teacher, has changed. Perhaps Mr. Vernon should answer the question himself. The movie whence proceeds to answer the question through the actions and dialogue of the p rotagonists. My favorite character (and yours too) is John Bender, the criminal, as portrayed by Judd Nelson, the leader of the notorious Hollywood brat Pack. John is the main character in the movie and functions as the catalyst or the instigator. One by one, he shocks and exposes each students insecurities. John is living verification of the creed, If a child lives with hostility, He learns to ... ...e plate that reads EMC 2 for energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. And when he gets an F in Shop, his self-image cant accept it. He takes a gun to school intending to shoot himself but gets caught. In the most important environment of a students life, even one F is not allowed. The school reinforces what the parents expect. Even his little sister echos the mothers sentiments when she admonishes him to find a way to study in Detention. It is from the Brains point of view that we realize that you (Mr. Vernon/the school) see us as you requisite to see us. We were brainw ashed, he writes in the collective essay. In the end the students, by revealing their fears and expressing their emotions, overcame the limits set by family and school, the ones that spit on them . They realized that they are immunized to authority and that they can change their worlds, that they have multi-faceted personalities. And so do Holmes, Hughes, and Bowie. Even a criminal can win the heart of a princess. John Bender was a better teacher than the system for he taught the Princess, the Jock, the Basketcase, and the Brain who they really were, and most importantly, who they were not.

Essay --

Upon the invasion of external powers, the central government secured its authority over China and integrated nationalism into its domestic and foreign policies in mold to restore stability, and repel against foreign influences. China, before nineteenth century, existed as a heterogeneous Empire, unified by the 5000 year old Great Civilization however, upon foreign invasion in nineteenth century, China was forced to re-evaluate their position on the international level. Modern Chinese nationalism is derived from traumas inflicted by European and Japanese imperialists and colonists (Melancon 856-874 Chung 5). The thought of Century of National Humiliation was created in order to commemorate the historic traumas and protect the nations sovereignty from foreign powers. Over time, Chinese participation has come to embrace their glorious civilization and accepted their weaknesses which had caused them to be victimized in the past. Now, the central government uses strict principles to assure Chinas chaste position on foreign policies. For example, on April 1st, 2001, there was a mid-air c...

Essay --

Upon the invasion of foreign powers, the central judicature secured its authority over China and co-ordinated nationalism into its domestic and foreign policies in order to restore stability, and repel against foreign influences. China, before nineteenth century, existed as a heterogeneous Empire, unified by the 5000 year old Great Civilization however, upon foreign invasion in nineteenth century, China was forced to re-evaluate their position on the international level. Modern Chinese nationalism is derived from traumas inflicted by European and Japanese imperialists and colonists (Melancon 856-874 Chung 5). The concept of Century of National Humiliation was created in order to commemorate the historic traumas and protect the nations sovereignty from foreign powers. Over time, Chinese society has come to embrace their glorious civilization and accepted their weaknesses which had caused them to be victimized in the past. Now, the central government uses strict principles to assure Chinas moral position on foreign policies. For example, on April 1st, 2001, there was a mid-air c...

A Discussion on the Dialectical in Hero

Discuss the usefulness of the idea of the dialecticalal with regard to any of the texts on this module. Dialectic refers to the dialogue surrounded by two or more positions, holding contrastive perspectives about a subject, who wish to establish the true statement of the matter by dialogue with reasoned arguments. It may be postulated that hero sandwich works on a Hegelian dialectic model, in that the tensions between the protagonist and antagonist of the require atomic number 18 constantly reworking the other, till a synthetic thinking of their essence is achieved. Aufhebung or sublation, being the motor by which the Hegelian dialectic functions (Palm, 2009) indicates the preservation of a useful portion of an idea, while moving beyond its limitations. The dialectic of Hero is realized in two ways multiple narratives and multiple forms of dialogue-and suggests that there is no absolute justness, and that we arrive at the final truth finished the dialectical interplay of dif ferent truths that challenge, change and preserve each other at once.The framed narrative structure of Hero displays the dialectic that exists between the King and unsung as multiple narratives are being set up to communicate the different points of view existing between unsung and the King. The celebration of the multiplicity of perspectives, or points of view, serves to highlight the nature of truth as a product of dialectical interplay between multiple presented truths. Hero functions as a prism, as seen from the division of the film into various vibrantly colored narratives as emblems of different truths.The self-similar fractal dimension each narrative holds highlights the fact that each narrative contains elements of the narrative before it, and each truth is derived from the truth before it, where each progressive narrative retains select elements of the previous one but changes others to create a different story. This is evident in the dialogical exchange between anon. an d the King, where the King chooses to accept parts of unsung story as true and other parts as false.This fragmentation and subsequent reinvention of the truth creates a disjoint between the perceived truth and the accepted truth, suggesting that truth consists of many individual parts, and that in order for a unified truth to be assembled, deconstruction of it into its individual parts must happen before it can be reconstructed into a larger whole. Hence, the dialectical interplay between the multiple truths creates a impertinent composite truth that retains the essence of each truth before it.Sublation occurs in the interaction between Nameless and the King, where both of them have their own truths in toll of ideologies, and the dialectical interaction of the two allows the two truths to interact and change each other as a result. For example, in order to get within 10 feet of the King, a limitation Sky, Broken Sword and spry Snow could not breach, Nameless presents their weap ons and in Broken Swords case his calligraphy. The items here are symbolic of each swordsmans ideologies, and Nameless through accepting their weapons has similarly internalized their ideologies, hence changing his own truth as a result.Nameless as the bearer of Broken Swords truth then square offs the King, so much so that the latter places his life in his would-be killers hands. Broken Swords truth resonates strongly with the Kings truth here, and this unification of their truths represents the power of the unification the King is striving to achieve, in the superstar that it is powerful enough to make Nameless give up his goal of killing the King, mostthing he had trained for more than 10 years for and defined himself by.Therefore notwithstanding though Nameless has to be killed for the preservation of the social order, the King who is leave standing at the end of the film has been changed, and this is evident from his hesitance in sentencing Nameless to death, something he would not have hesitated to do prior to their meeting. Truth is seen here as something that we define ourselves by, and when our truth is changed, so do our definitions of ourselves and hence our identity.The dialectic in Hero finds physical form through the dialogical form that fighting takes on in the sense that there is an oppositional structural clash between two deal holding on to different ideals. Over the course of the film, fighting is seen as a form of self-expression, and it shows how two people, charged with different ideals, clash, with the result that the one left standing has been changed in some manner by the other.The fight at the end of the film, between Broken Sword, who has forsaken his visit for the sake of unification, and short Snow, who holds on to her revenge and blames Broken Sword for giving up his, represents exactly this point. The dichotomization between opposite ideals creates a cognitive dissonant effect which highlights the struggle between face-t o-face ideals and greater ideals that supersede the self. This contest is ealized in Flying Snow whose triumph over Broken Sword grants her the unfortunate belated realization that at some level she yearned for coexistence with his ideal despite its clash with hers, as connoted by the repetition of why didnt you defend yourself? , and this dissonance leads her to commit suicide to be reunited with her lover. at long last the clash of two people representing their own ideals has resulted in the prevalence of one person whose ideal has changed as a result.The communicative exchange between Nameless and Broken Sword as seen in the swordfight, over the waters surface, in which calligraphic elements are embedded, signals a dialogic exchange not only of soldierly arts but also in terms of ideals. The constant parallelism of each others movements in the water signals that it is not a swordfight of conflict but rather conversation, as seen from the sword strokes through the water akin to the strokes of a calligraphy brush on a canvas.Significantly the fight climaxes in the back-and-forth strike of the water droplet, where the fluidity of water alludes to the fluid nature of truth and how it can be molded to serve ones purpose. The fight ends when the water droplet hits Flying Snows face, and Nameless who turns back from his original purpose of striking Broken Sword also ends up with water droplets on his face.By drawing a parallel between Flying Snow and Nameless, who both sought revenge against the King for the destruction of their homelands, we see a tension between Nameless and Flying Snows common ideal and Broken Swords ideal. This tension is only resolved through Flying Snows death, and Namelesss act of turning away, suggesting that when one holds on to a particular ideal such that it becomes ones truth and identity, the inevitable clash of this truth with anothers will result in the deconstruction of one and the reconstruction of another.In conclusion, when we view things through different lens, we will come away with different truths each time. Hero exemplifies this for us and causes us to examine the nature of truth through the dialectical intercourse of each truth. Truth serves an existential purpose and it is essential for each and every one of us to derive our own truth and hence determine our identity and purpose in life.The message of Hero is that though there are forces in existence that are greater than ourselves, the power of a common truth of all the nameless citizens can sometimes influence the truth of the one in power, in this case the King, and determine his actions. Everyones truth is different, but it is the meaning that we attach to it that defines us and sets us apart. Bibliography Palm, R. (2009). Retrieved October 17, 2012, from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven https//lirias. kuleuven. be/bitstream/123456789/234670/1/PALM+dissertat..

Thinking in Early Adulthood-Post formal Stage

From the standpoint of usingal psychology, there have been several different sets of theories regarding the process of thinking in early adulthood. While the majority of sources hold consensus that the development of thought processes within human beings is complete in adolescence, there argon also theories that a stage of cognitive development lies beyond the conventional cognizance to include what is commonly referred to as a post formal stage, which, simply put, involves the human intellect processing thought beyond logic and being up to(p) to critically see, evaluate various options, and choose an option ground upon analysis (Arack).In this essay, the question of whether or not the post formal stage exists will be answered. To begin, an irony occurred to the police detective in the consideration of the answer to this question itself, and that irony is the fact that in order to be able to answer the question, the ability to analyze various pieces of information on their mer it and develop an opinion/answer to this question seems to indicate the existence of post formal stages in itself.If everything past adolescence was acted upon based on what was formed in the mind up to the time of adolescence, it is doubtful that this essay would have much substance at all. Going beyond the theoretical, however, the researcher will now justify the assertion that post formal exists. The very essence of the human experience indicates that post formal is something that plays a vital share in human development, from birth to adulthood and into old age.This is evidenced by the fact that many people find themselves changing their opinions on a some endless number of topics and situations as their life experience increases, outwardly defeating the idea that we are on a sort of psychological auto-pilot once adulthood approaches and that the mind at that point is merely a clearinghouse for thoughts, with no ability to change thought processes.Another key consideration and evidence of post formal existence are the many examples of people who learn skills and pursue additional education late in life, which would be impossible if the mind were not able to embrace brisk ideas and information, referred to by those who are advocates of the existence of post formal as shifting gears (Arack). In closing, both from the standpoints of example and academic research, there is sufficient evidence to brave the existence of post formal stages. While many of the complexities of the human mind may never be understood, this seems to be something that can be objectively proven.

Inheritance of Loss Essay

Chapter 1 In chapter one of Kiran Desais novel, The Inheritance of Loss, the author describes the setting and presents the first perspectives of the characters. Their home is presented as being rather unattractive as it was colder inface their field of operations than bulge outside of it withal the temperature was relatively low. Further, when the author presents the works difficulty of trying to light damp wood for the purpose of qualifi honkion tea in a kettle that looks to have been found in an archeological dig, shows the living conditions of the setting. However, the Judge still expects the ca-ca to be able to sidestep with out gas and over a fire the old fashion way in golf-club to maintain his routine schedule. He still expects this even when there is no food and then forces the cook to make any(prenominal)thing out of nonhing.Kiran Desais use of nature emphasizes her use of anthropomorphism to present a touch which allows for the events of the novel to flow smoothl y. The author first presents this when Sai is reading approximately giant Squid from a National Geographic when the caress of the mist through her fuzz cope withmed human, and when she held her fingers, the vapor took them gently into its mouth. It is this anthropomorphism during tea era when the boys from the Kathmandu black market find the opportunity to creep up to the Judges house in expect of guns and supplies, where mutt initially frightens the boys. The boys remain persistent even when the valuate tells them that he has no guns and demand that they be fed before they continue of their journey. The boys are defeated at the lack of food which further demonstrates the living conditions of this setting.Chapter 2 The chapter starts from the cooks perspective as he is trying to justify why sacking to the constabulary to report the robbery at Cho Oyu would do any cheeseparing. The cook explains that if the constabulary were being paid off by the robbers they would do nothin g barely if they were not then the robbers, who now had weapons, would come for revenge against him and the other members at Cho Oyu. The cook does not believe that there is any benefit to reporting the robbery. The police do take action as there was a robbery of guns from a previous member of the judiciary and the police arrived at Cho Oyu later that daytime to search the property, collect evidence, and interview the members of the family. The police looked around and were not impressed by the condition of Cho Oyu. The police proceeded to the cooks hut where they looked through the cooks belongings, what little belongings he has. Sai felt very sad at the sight of the cooks hut, how little he had and how his privacy had been violated by the police as they searched through every little corner of the cooks hut and read letters that had been sent by Biju.Other less of the essence(p) parts of this chapter include the brief history of Cho Oyu and the cooks encounter with the black cob ras. We learn that Cho Oyu was built by a Scotsman long ago. In order to build Cho Oyu, porters had carried boulders from the riverbed and piping, wrought iron gates, tiling, and tubing were all brought in to create what the Scotsman believed was a place that could raise the human heart to spiritual heights. The cooks encounter with the cobras had happened when one time, defeated by a rotten egg, had proceeded to defecate behind the house instead of his usual place at the further end of the garden. In doing so, the cook had angered two snakes, who lived in a hole nearby. Although the cook was not bitten, he swelled up to ten clock his size and so he went to the temple where he was instructed to ask of forgiveness from the snakes. He did so by creating a clay cobra and cleaning the area with affright dung.In this chapter, we to a fault learn some characteristics of the cook and Biju, that he is powerless, can barely read or write, he has worked hard all his bearing, has avoided trouble, and lives only to see his son. We also learn that the cooks wife died seventeen year prior when Biju was only five years old. His wife had slipped from a tree maculation collecting leaves for the goat, an accident. We also learn some of Bijus characteristics in this chapter including his good nature and his fearless personality.Chapter 3 This chapter portrays the cooks son, Biju, working at a hot dog eating house in New York, USA. The other employees try and convince Biju to use the services of Dominican prostitutes nevertheless Biju is very timid c dischargely this idea. To mask this feeling from the other employees he portrays a fake sense of disgust at this idea. Biju feels, several years younger (p 16) than the other workers because of this. Then, the manager of the restaurant receives a memo instructing him to go a green card check on his employees. He tells his employees that there is nothing that he can do, and they disappear quietly.Chapter 4 This chapter starts with the police still at the judges property and they are searching through the cooks house for any evidence that it was the consideration that robbed the judge. The police find the letters that Biju has been writing to the cook, which describe the different jobs he has been working at, and he describes a false sense of excellence of his new life in America. The cook writes back to his son, advising him to save his money, beware of liars and cheats, and to stay healthy. He also says if he has any problems to talk to Nandu, who is another man from their village who is also in New York.Then we get a recount of a story where the judge gets a coupon for a National Geographic expansive Globe. Sai fills it out and mails the coupon away, and the Globe comes in the mail long after they had mailed it away. Sai blows it up, and she shows the cook where New York is, and tries to explain to him why it is day there when it is shadow in India.The police continue searching the cooks house, exp osing his poverty and that his dignity has no basis. The cook justifies this treatment because they need to search everything, and that it is usually the handmaiden who steals. The policemen then leave the property, and Sai is embarrassed for the cook to have this poverty exposed. Sai remembers when she first met the cook nine years about(predicate) when she first arrived to live with the judge. Sai expresses her displeasure at the way the police treated the cook, but the cook responds with, But what kind of investigation would it be, then? The chapter ends with the cook cleaning up his belongings, putting them back in the same place.Chapter 5 In this chapter, we are introduced to Bijus different places of employment in America and of the different races represented in each. Firstly, The Baby Bistro where it was French in the restaurant but Mexican, Indian and Pakistani in the kitchen. Then, there was the Baby Bistro which was rich up top and poor bolt down below. At the Baby Bis tro, some of the poor ethnicities present included Colombian, Tunisian, Ecuadorian, and Gambian. At the Stars and Stripes Diner, it was all American in the diner but all Guatemalan below, plus Indian when Biju arrived. At all of these different places of employment with all of the different cultures, Biju found himself asking where the different places were. It was through his questioning that he learnt that there are Indians spread out all over the world.After learning of the different cultures present in Bijus different places of employment, the cooks warns him to be careful of the Pakistani in particular. The cook does not feel that they are to be trusted. Biju has already received a negative vibe from the Pakistani and felt that he was unable to talk to the man as he felt that he was fake. Biju found himself fighting with the Pakistani, Desis against Pakis, and because of the noise that the two created, both of them were fired from the Baby Bistro.Chapter 6 In this chapter we fi nd out that Sais parents are dead. We learn how they met, by a tree while Sais mother was at collage, and her father was in the air force. They had got married and had Sai, however Sais father was picked to go to Russia, to become a space pilot, furthermore Sai had to be left behind, so she was sent to the convent that her mother had attended. However while in Russia, Sais parents were killed when they were run over by a tourist bus.Also in the chapter we find out how Sai comes to be living with her grandfather. As we know Sai was at the convent, but when her parents died there was no one left to pay for her to stay at the convent. So the nuns looked through their information, and the name under in case of an emergency was Sais grandfather, Justice Jemubhai Patel. So Sai was sent with a visiting nun, to Kalimpong, where her grandfather lived.Additionally we learn how Cho Oyu was built. It was built by a Scotsman who said it was a very good location to build a house, however this was not why the judge wanted the house built there, it was built there because it was a place that the judge could live.Chapter 7 The cook welcomes Sai by constructing a motorcar modeled out of mashed potatoes a skill in which the cook had not used in a while. The car acted as a center piece for the table, as to state that the purpose of the evening was to welcome Sai. However, initially the Judge shows no apparent experience of Sais arrival or her presence at the very table. This changes, and the Judge asks for Sai to tell him what her name is, which seems to actually anger the judge. afterwards when Sai complements mutt the Judge avoids his mental synthesis of the complement and instead demands that the soup be presented to him. When the Judge realizes that the soup is not ready be becomes very frustrated that his routine has been upset.The cook describes how poverty afflicted he is and what he has to work with. While eating the Judge discusses with himself how Sai has a tutor an d the disadvantages of the other forms of schooling and the affects that types of schooling can have on you. Later on when Sai is lying in her bed, which demonstrates the poverty as her sheets are table clothes since there are no blankets left. Poverty is further presented when Sai comments of the structure of the house and how it seems to be fragile. Suddenly Sai hears microscopic jaws munching on the house which could destroy the house in a season.Summary 8-11With the arrival of Sai, the judge kept thinking about his past, annoyed with the similarities of Sais loneliness and his own. The judge was only nineteen when he left Piphit, his ancestral home to study at Cambridge, in England. At the time the future judge was called Jemu which was a nickname of his real name, Jemubhai. Jemubhai was a one-month married man to a fourteen year old girl, whom he was to leave for some years. With his arrival to England, he was amazed with the sights he greeted though over time things changed, n ot to a better situation yet he did not lose his courage. In England, he was isolated, different, lonely and reaching madness as his antisocial behaviors increased, while avoiding light to hide from others. His ideas also began to develop a in a new way of self disgust, and embarrassment.Judge insisted that Sai must have a tutor therefore she came to meet Noni whose house was an hour far. Noni and her sister, Lola possessed a cat named Mustafa and a guard, a retired army man named Budhoo. With the suspense of trusting a man with no clear vision of stealing their possessions or lives, they found him incumbent for guarding their house. They both were a fan of the English culture. Lola had a daughter named Pixie which perhaps is the BBC radio reporter, who inspires them to listen to radio at nights.Biju on the other side of the world in United States attempted everyday to find better jobs though his lack of self-respect did not prosper his standings. He started working at Freddys Work delivering food with a bicycle. He worked for long hours and when arrived home, in the basement of a building where among other illegal fellows he lived under deplorable condition. Later he loses his job as Saeed Saeed whose grandmother was Indian.The cook considered with Bijus condition in USA, sold alcoholic beverages called chhang. The cook was not satisfied with his lucre from the judge he felt rage inside himself serving Judges family. Despite the rage, the cook lied about Judges scattered glory he praised him in front of others, attempting to make himself seem worthier. Sai was a follower of the cooks stories as she sat in the kitchen asking questions about judge and his wife who passed away. Judge able to hear the stories, was annoyed of his past, the truth that he knew of and the lies that cook told. He was raised with hardship during his childhood. One thing calmed him down and it was his schedule of everyday life and being on task.

The Methods And Activities Of Teaching Education Essay

Teaching method is the survey of the methods and activities of instruction ( Cambridge online lexicon ) . This Assignment result look at how we female genitals associate pedagogy method in learning Applied ICT to a group of Year 11 learners of assorted ability in a typical interior chief city Secondary school, to the theories of larning which ar the foundations of how we teach and learn.Based on what has been observed during a arrangement in the secondary school, and as well as on farther reading it is dense to specify precisely what larning is, hardly for the intent of this assignment acquisition can be link up to alterations in behavior, apprehension, cap adaptedness and the comprehension that is acquired by both instructors and students.In a simplistic position it can be said that there be many divers(prenominal) theories of acquisition, but the two chief countries that underpin this in instruction are the humanistic polish, looking at what pupils want to larn , and the behavioral attack, concentrating on what the instructor is desiring the student to larn. It was noteworthy that inwardly the schoolroom and whilst on a school visit at that arrange larnmed to be no important behavioral jobs within the group of students.Teaching Applied ICT gives the chance to actuate come forth of the schoolroom environs and visit companies and administrations so that pupils are able to see ICT working(a) in context within the workplace. Giving pupils this chance should incite them derive a broader cognition and apprehension of this topic, but fetching pupils out of a schoolroom environment can make alterations in the behavior of pupils, and it is as well as of import that the capableness of all the pupils is challenged.The Humanistic position to acquisition is that of natural desire , where acquisition is student lead and soulfulnessalized, and the function of the instructor is thought of as more of a facilitator. One of the cardinal premise s of this humanistic position harmonizing to Huitt ( 2001 ) is the fact that people act deliberately and with values. Humanists believe that you should look at the person as a whole, and that it is of import to see how an person learns without their life as they grow and caste out.Smith ( 1999 ) discusses the basic concern for the human potency of growing. It was famed that in some instances in the schoolroom environment pupils are non needfully come ining the schoolroom with the purpose of larning. As pupils have chiefly decided on taking to larn and prosecute in the subject of ICT within the 14-19 course of study, this suggests that at some phase the pupils did suffer a natural desire to mob up the topic in order to prosecute in the acquisition and hopefully come on onto makings. The possibility is that the existent desire of pupils on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours degree may be greatly different to the desire that they have to larn over a longer period of clip.A braham Maslow s Hierarchy of demands argues that people aim to run into basic demands first, and so they seek to run into in turn higher demands in the signifier of a pecking order until they reach self-actualization, or self fulfillment. Behavior and acquisition is motivated by an persons desire for personal growing an the demand to go all the things that a individual is capable of going ( Maslow,1970 ) .Although non straight linked to the instruction of ICT within the schoolroom it is really important that pupils are likely to hold other demands other than that of larning in order to accomplish their true potency. I have noted on several cause that pupils have non been concentrating during the beginning of lessons, even when the starting motor practice has been accessed by the bulk of pupils. When these pupils were questioned, particularly during forenoon periods, the reply given was that they could non concentrate and they were hungry, which coincides with the lowest degree on the hierarchy.Maslow foremost introduced his construct of hierarchy in 1943 in his paper A Theory of Human Motivation , which was closely followed by his book Motivation and Personality . There are many facets of this surmisal that can be linked to the person s motive either within the parturiencies of a lesson, or over a period of clip. These hierarchies are closely linked to the construct of ECM which is now high on the authorities s docket for schools.There is nevertheless a few exclusions that often occur within this theoretical account, such as persons when questioned did experience safe and secure in the schoolroom environment even when they have non had breakfast. In the theoretical account it is yet possible to seek the safety of a secure environment when the physiological demands are met, hence another issue with this theoretical account is that there are no clip limits set. An person could perchance drop to the underside of the hierarchy within a lesson if a student has forgotten a jammed lunch or their dinner money. They may get down to merely believe of where they are traveling to acquire their following repast.Closely linked with the humanistic attack theoretician David A. Kolb suggests acquisition is the procedure whereby cognition is created through the transmutation of experience Kolb, ( 1984, p. 38 ) . The surmisal consists of a rhythm which is in four phases, where you are able to get down at any one phase, but so each phase must follow in sequence Make or Concrete experience OBSERVE or Brooding observation Think or Abstract conceptualisation Plan or Active experimentationalong with the larning rhythm Kolb besides offers a manner into gaining the single people s acquisition manners.Within Applied ICT it is really helpful taking pupils out of the schoolroom and into giving medications where they can observe ICT working. Rather than learn pupils how and why the ICT is being used it was found to be more productive to allow the pupils experience the ICT working in the normal environment of an organisation before inquiring the pupils to organize scenes on what the engineering may be used for.In the instance of catching a working eating house, pupils were able to see restaurant staff taking orders and so walking back to the order desk to put the orders on a touch screen. Once observed the pupils reflected on why the staff were continually traveling towards the same computing machine terminus after taking orders, organizing an sentiment as to why they must be inputting the information into an social club system for the kitchens. The pupils besides noted that it would besides be possible to utilize the same ordination system to associate the drinks orders to the saloon staff. All of this information was so confirmed by allowing pupils really taking an order themselves and come ining it into the order database, where they g personaled a concrete experience.Looking at how the pupils really learned, Kolb s acq uisition manners can get down to go understood. Some pupils found it much easier to understand the rule of engineering by come ining the order, and so reflecting on how this would be utile when watching the servers ( diverging ) . Assimilator scholars found that it was easier to gestate how the ordination would take topographical point before watching the order pickings and so reflecting on how this wasaaLearners who had conceptualized the order pickings, but had non truly understood how and why the ordination worked through observations started understand more when they started to believe how it would work if they had really witnessed a drinks order being processed ( meeting ) . Finally the scholars who were Accommodating merely understood truly what was traveling on when they non merely entered the orders themselves, but started to believe about which other types of orders could be placed on the system.The whole work of Kolb underpins the course of study and how it may be deli vered in schools today, although readying for the trip was non simple as one of the issues with Kolb s work is that vitamin E does non take into tarradiddle the different attainment degrees to which the pupils are working at, therefore it was necessary to fix resources for the pupils at different degrees so that all pupils could prosecute with the acquisition and develop their cognition.The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Howard Gardiner in 1983. He suggests that persons possess a figure of different independent intelligences ( at least seven ) , and that these can be acquired at different degrees. Gardner besides suggests that if persons have an ability to larn in a certain mode, they should be encouraged to develop their acquisition utilizing this endowment.Gardner materialDuring instruction, the thought of pupils being able to develop their abilities to larn focussed planning on the single pupils and how to include and develop all pupils within the category. Th is attack closely links back to the Every sister Matters docket and how to develop the cognition of all persons within the schoolroom. Although concentrating on certain facets of Gardner s intelligences, such as the verbal-linguistic and logical-mathematical abilities of pupils within the schoolroom it is besides of import to see the boilersuit interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities of pupils more to supply a more rounded and balanced course of study.There is a demand to provide for pupils at different abilities, whether within the schoolroom, the twelvemonth group, or the cardinal phases. Depending on how pupils are grouped should impact the manner in which lessons are planned and delivered. Although some of the thoughts behind the theory of Gardner are used within the schoolroom the overall footing of the theory is non adequate to alter the manner in which persons are grouped, as at that place seems to be stronger influences that bind persons larning together, such as those de scribed by Maslow.It is possible to distinguish within lessons so that an effort is made to assist the pupils to larn to the stovepipe of their ability. How far you can continue with this construct whilst taking into history that pupils are on the whole grouped together in age instead than overall ability, and besides sing the ability of the instructors to develop the lessons with the equipment and resources on hand(predicate) makes it hard to do a judgement on whether each kid is larning to the best of their ability.No familiarity what the ability of pupils there is a theory that suggests that by detecting and copy behaviour, this can take pupils to think for themselves , which is cardinal to a pupil s simulate advance throughout their instruction. The Social Learning Theory developed by Bandura ( 1977 ) stresses closely the nexus between pupils detecting behaviours that may hold been modeled and copying these, taking to larning.Bandura ( 1977 ) provides a elaborate descriptio n on acquisition. For himLearning would be extremely arduous, non to advert risky, if people had to trust entirely on the effects of their ain actions to inform them what to make. Fortunately, most human behaviour is learned observationally through mold from detecting others one forms an thought of how new behaviours are performed, and on ulterior occasions this coded information serves as a usher for action. ( Bandura 1977, p.22 )Within the schoolroom environment it was noted that it is really utile to pattern undertakings to pupils as they will so hold a higher and better apprehension of the undertaking and what they need in order to purification the activity.Outside the environment of the schoolroom, whilst engaged in larning within an organisation that the pupils were analyzing it was noted that pupils responded in several different ways. The behaviour of pupils, instead than going more riotous became more professional and respected. This may hold been the fact that they were i n a professional environment with other members of the populace in attending. One other facet of the pupils behaviour became noticeable when they met the usher demoing them around the edifice. It was obvious that pupils perchance copied the idiosyncrasy of the usher, which can be attributed to the positive attitude and attributes that were seen by the students on what they perceived as a function theoretical account.Although whilst pupils are acting expert in and out of the schoolroom, there are times that pupils do non prosecute with lessons and get down to misconduct. Piaget ( 1932 ) discussed the moral development of persons and an apprehension of others. It can be noted that morally pupils should truly cognize they are at school to larn, and non interrupt the schoolroom. Further work by Piaget ( 1952 ) , produced by decennaries of detecting immature kids lead to his theory of cognitive development.The footing of the theory of cognitive development is that there is a displacem ent of kids s thought over certain phases of their ripening, as they are tour up. These phases were split into four, with the concluding phase, when a pupil is in adolescence they should be able to ground hypothetically and infer results, hence actively build their ain cognition and understand results, believing for themselves.In instruction it is clear that persons are grouped in phases, therefore miming theory of Piaget. Year groups are grouped into Key Stages for development, but although pupils all the same receive lessons in their twelvemonth groups it is obvious that non all students develop at the same rate. Within the schoolroom environment and besides whilst taking visits it is still really of import to distinguish lessons so that all students are able to entree the lesson, and besides supply extension undertakings where students have completed work to a satisfactory degree within the clip and have no other work to finish.The theory behind cognitive development does non a ssociate to how a pupil can be cleverer with relation to their knowledge harmonizing to their age. There is besides small or no grounds of other factors such as societal or emotional facets which may act upon larning. Similarly at that place seems to be no nexus towards unnatural development or development upsets that may be present in a pupil.Unlike Piaget where it is considered that the development of a kid must devour their acquisition, the sociocultural position of Vygotsky ( 1978 ) argued that acquisition is a necessary and widely distributed facet of the procedure of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological map ( Vygotsky 1978, p.90 ) .This position suggests that in existent fact that societal acquisition would predate the development of an person. Therefore whereas Piaget would reason that the development of a student is due to them being actively funny and desiring to be involved in the acquisition taking topographic point, Vygotsky would reason that the societal part and interaction, for illustration with the usher on the visit, helped the procedure of development of the students.Taking the thoughts of Vygotsky into the schoolroom it has been noted that pupils working collaboratively, when they are socially interacting either with their equals or instructors, or whether working in braces or groups, will bring forth a high degree of work if unploughed on undertaking. This cooperation Vygotsky argues leads to cognitive development.Vygotsky ( 1978 ) besides viewed the Zone of Proximal Development as an country where counsel or instructions can be given, leting students to work on their ain to develop higher mental maps. Within the planning and instruction of a lesson it is clear that aims and success standards have been planned and shown to the students. This clearly develops the ability to finish undertakings to different degrees of accomplishment for the students, and allows them to progress their acquisition in a manner that is clear and concise.In kernel, on an single footing, a pupil needs to understand how they can learn to larn in order to derive the best instruction they can accomplish. Students have to take duty for their ain acquisition, with the aid of instructors, parents and as many resources as possible that will profit them overall. The pupils single acquisition manners must besides be noted down by instructors in order for them to be after, develop and present lessons in a individualized manner, for as many persons as possible in each lesson.Taking into history that pupils are grouped in cardinal phases and in twelvemonth groups, and even possibly in sets, there will ever be a telescope of pupils within the schoolroom that have to be catered for. It is of import for instructors to encompass as many instruction and acquisition manners as possible if they are usurp to travel any of the single scholars in the schoolroom forward.In Applied ICT although the pupils may understand the theo ry of the existent ICT, it may be hard for the pupils to set the existent application of the usage of the ICT into context.Timetabling deductions mean that it is impossible to wholly personalise the acquisition of an person at present as the resources are clearly non available for this to go on. As this is the instance personalization has mostly got to take topographic point within lessons associating in with the humanistic attack to distinguishing for the person or groups. This attack will besides assist with the multiple intelligences within the schoolroom and cater for different ability pupils, scaffolding lessons so that all pupils engage within the acquisition environment and are able to come on in a safe environment.A

The Women of the Aeneid

The Roman epic of Virgils Aeneid describes the hardship and misadventures of Aeneas and the Trojans quest from Troy to Italy. Like Homers famous epics, the Iliad and Odyssey, Virgils narrative style and complex body part portrays similar attributes in the finding of Rome. Aeneas encounters several women on his travel who play a signifi screwt role end-to-end this epic in assisting or destroying his journey to Rome. His representation of female characters provides the readers with a better understanding of gender politics and reasons wherefore some female leaders failed.Each of Virgils female characters demonstrates a combination of traits throughout the epic however, such behaviors of these women tend to develop unwanted conflict collect to emotions. Like in both great story the female characters tend to get under mavins skin a enormous influence on the main character in both positive and negative ways. The first female that Virgil introduces is Dido, the queen of Carthage, i n book of account I of the Aeneid. Virgil provides evidence that Dido is a strong and powerful leader. In her stride she imaginems the tallest, taller by a head than any At the doorOf the goddess shrine, under the tabernacle dome, All hedged about with guards on her high thr bingle, She took her seat. . This statement illustrates estimable how supreme and crucial she is. Virgil portrays Dido with a goddess type of image. Not only did she rule Carthage with a strong hold, but she also provided fairness and equality. Then she began to give them Judgments and rulings, to apportion work With fairness, or assign some tasks by lot. This quote sure demonstrates Didos type of dominionship.Even though, she is commanding the people of Carthage to do their duties, which provides evidence that she is feared be feat the people do as she says without questioning her demands she distributes the work evenly and fair throughout the citizens. commonly people would assume that the men go to the king for help or advice, but ironically, the men of Troy, leaded by Aeneas, were taken to Queen Dido for help. When suddenly Aeneas cut approaching, Accompanied by a crowd, Antheus and Sergestus And brave Cloanthus,1 with a few companionsHe was astounded, and Achates too Felt thrilled by joy and fear I retrieve as though Aeneas and his men did not know what to expect when they came forward to Queen Dido. They were nervous of what was going to happen. Until Dido laid eye on Aeneas. In every great epic, love plays a key role in bringing people together but also destroying plenty in its way. Even though Dido is characterized as this powerful leader, she slowly starts to fall as her passion for Aeneas starts to grow.As Aeneas tells his story to all the people, Dido slowly starts falling more and more in love with Aeneas. throughout this Book you slowly start to see the demise of Queen Dido. Towers, half-built, rose no farther men no longer trained in weaponry Projects were broken off, laid over, and the menacing huge walls with cranes unmoving stood against the sky. Virgil provides images of how Carthage is being affected by the downfall of Queen Dido. Dido is so infatuated with love that she cannot see how she is running Carthage to the ground for the love of Aeneas.The goddess Juno, the queen of gods, saw this as an opportunity to keep Aeneas from reaching Italy. Dido even broke her vow of chastity and surrenders to her desires for Aeneas. Dido had no elevate qualms as to impressions given and set abroad She thought no longer of a secret love but called it marriage. This statement demonstrates how she is becoming weak-minded. She is scratch to trick her mind into making something that she knows is not moral in her eyes, into something that seems right. Only to find out that she will regret it in the end.When Mercury, the messenger god, reminds Aeneas that his destiny is not in Carthage and that he must leave for Italy immediately, Aeneas is not too excited t o leave Dido, but he knows he has to obey. Dido at first was furious and cuss Aeneas, Midway at sea youll drink your punishment and call and call on Didos name and when cold death has parted.. you will pay for this . As soon as Dido realizes that he is gone forever, her emotions transform from furious to depressed and lost. She decided to make an impulsive decision and goes to the extreme of commits suicide.The title for Book IV tells it all The Passion of the Queen,. Queen Dido was supposedly known for being this powerful, supreme, strong minded leader, but her passion for Aeneas turned her soft. She put her responsibilities before love and did not see that Aeneas did the complete opposite. He loved her but he knew what he had to do. I feel as though her importance in the epic was just a distraction for Aeneas to reach his end. Book XI, Virgil presents another female character that holds power like Queen Dido. Camilla, the warrior queen of the Volscians, who just joined the Latin s to provided assistance in the war with the Trojans.Camilla shows a lot of strong, composed, and leadership like qualities just like Dido in Book I. Vergils epic portrays Camillas true powers and strength, Amid the carnage, like an Amazon, Camilla rode exultant, one breast bared for fighting ease, her quiver at her back, At times she flung slim javelins thick and fast, At times, tireless, caught up her two-edged axe. Unlike Dido, Camilla is does not examine love or passion, she is aware of what her duties are and acknowledges that she has to complete such duties. Camilla remains powerful because she has no distractions.Before Aeneas came into Dido life, she had full control on Carthage and all her focus was fixed on that therefore, her land thrives under her leadership. However as soon as she encounters Aeneas, she becomes distracted and slowly starts to lose her commanding hand on Carthage. But no one is perfect. Camilla is given this pure and righteous image by Virgil until she also gets distracted. After slaughtering many opponents with her javelin and axes, Camillas eyes get caught onto this one Tuscan warrior named Arruns and was leftfield dumbfounded. Camilla Began to track this man, her hearts desire Either to fit luxurious Trojan gear On a temple door, or else herself to flaunt That golden plunder Blindly, as a huntress, following him she rode on through a whole scattered squadron, recklessly, in a girls love of finery. As soon as Camilla laid eyes on this stunning man, her whole mindset changed. Arruns notices and takes advantage of the situation and slays her immediately. Both females were killed by love and lust. Another female that had a huge impact on Virgils Aeneid was Juno, the queen of gods.Juno despises the Trojans because of Pariss judgment against her in a beauty contest. She is also an advocate of Carthage, And Juno, we are told, cared more for Carthage Than for any walled city of the earth, and knows that Aeneass descendants are destin ed to destroy Carthage. But she had heard long since That generations born of Trojan blood Would one day overthrow her Tyrian walls, And from that blood a race would come in time. This causes hatred in Juno towards both Aeneas and the Trojans.Throughout Aeneass journey, Juno releases her anger on him to make his quest more of a challenge. Juno was the cause of the storm in the beginning of Book I because she summoned Aeolus, the god of winds, to cause an enormous storm while Aeneas was at sea. Vergil provides example of Juno being a manipulative, grizzle holding, evil Goddess. In order to keep Aeneas quest to Italy, Juno uses the love Aeneas has towards Dido to her advantage. Juno came up with a scheme to convince Venus to get Aeneas and Dido alone so they can join and the Trojans and the Tyrians would inally be at peace, even though that was not her true intention. Aeneas and Dido in her misery, plan hunting in the forest My gift will be a black rain cloud and hail As Dido and t he Trojan captain come to one same cavern There I shall marry them and call his her, a wedding, this will be. That plan failed when Jupiter found out of such horrid behavior and sent Mercury, the messenger god, to remind Aeneas of his true mission. The goal was to keep the idea of him leaving Carthage a secret from Queen Dido, but she eventually finds out.These get Juno even more furious towards Aeneas and his Trojan men, but she does not give up with her plans to halt Aeneas quest. In Book VII, Juno instructs Allecto, one of the Furies, to create a civil war between the Trojans and the Latins. You can arm For combat brothers of one soul between them, Twist homes with hatred, bring your whips inside Or firebrands of death. A thousand names Belong to you, a thousand ways of wounding. This statement demonstrates how badly she wants to end the Trojan empire and see Aeneas fail.The importance of Junos role in Virgils epic is that she is Aeneas mortal enemy and will do anything to stop him in his path. Not only does she dislike Aeneas but anyone that is from the Trojan descent. Virgils representation of female characters provides the readers with a better understanding of gender politics and reasons why some female leaders failed. Each of Virgils female characters demonstrates a combination of traits throughout the epic however, such behaviors of these women tend to develop unwanted conflict due to emotions.Dido was so possessed on the idea of her and Aeneas falling in love, that she did not see how she was burning her city, Carthage to the ground. Camilla, drowned in lust as she laid her eyes on Arrun, causing her to put her guard down and effectively getting killed. Juno is so blinded by hatred towards Aeneas and the Trojans, that she makes it her mission to delay his journey. Virgil demonstrates how a female ruler brings too much emotions with her ruling, while a male ruler can run things smoothly without any distractions.

Conceptualization Treatment Plan Paper Essay

AbstractThis paper is designed to steering on identifying conceptualization and pr to each oneing for thickenings regarding someone psychological science. It begins with the customers case study and history beca role it lead give a stronger understanding of how the Individual Psychology theory is effective when functional with this invitee. Understanding the dynamics of what the lymph gland has and is currently experiencing will anyow the counselor the opportunity to point out the issues and address them individu eithery. Details of the clients concerns will be addressed, along with different techniques on dealing with the client, and some spiritual guidance to stop their spirits lifted during this process. The writer will connect the clients flawed decisions with the new taught knowledge gained in counseling, in hopes of creating a stronger marriage and better person. The writer ends the paper by describing why the Individual Psychology Therapy was selected, how this ther apy is used to treat the client, and will describe any challenging aspects that may arise while working with the client.Keywords Individual, psychology, therapy, theory, techniqueClients Presenting ConcernTina and john have been married for 12 years. Tina and magic trick were both raised from a single mother. Tina never received any male affection as a child and she relied on sex and the attention men gave her. She sought out affection of any kind, but the affection from her husband wasnt trade good enough. She alike holds resentment and anger for the way thaumaturgy has treated their oldest daughter, Emily. Tina is remaining in the marriage right now, but she is emotionally and sexually disconnected and is planning on leaving. John had six sisters and even though it was a large family, he felt alone. Johns mother put men ahead of all six of her children.His sisters followed inhis mothers steps and connected love by men and sex. John never felt love and searched desperately for love. Despite Tinas multiple indiscretions John greatly wanted his marriage to last in spite of Tinas repeated wants to leave him. Although John is non aware of Tinas plan on leaving within the year he is very upset with her constant threat to leave and go back to her hometown.Individual Psychology TherapyAlfred Adler, one of Sigmund Freuds students, created his own theory separating him from his teacher, and started his own theory (Stein & Edwards, 2011). Adler created the Individual Psychology, it focused on the individual as totality. Individual Psychology is defined as a cognitive, tendency-oriented, social psychology concerned with an individuals conviction, faith and awareness, along with each individuals behavior. His focus was on the conscious and social drives. Adler believed that every person had self doubting and apprehensive dates in their support, but deserved to be treated with applaud and dignity (Milliren, Evans, & Newbauer, n.k.d.). Each person will have to id entify their problem and work towards becoming a better person. Adler believed that each person manifested their own life course.Case ConceptualizationMilliren, et. al (n.k.d.) stated that Individual Psychology had several fundamental principles, but the primary three are goal oriented goals, domain with the desire to belong and value themselves, and finally each person is inseparable and maintained wholeness through their personalizedity. Adlerian psychology is different from any other give instruction of psychology because it involved holism, purposiveness, and social interest. An unknown author from Adler Graduate School (2014), wrote, thinking, discovering, emotion, and behavior can only be understood as subordinated to the individuals style of life, or consistent pattern of dealing with life. According to Milliren, et. Al (n.k.d.) there are three principles of Individual Psychology the behavior is goal driven, adult male had a need to belong and want to be desired, and eac h person is viewed as a whole with unique personalities and behaviors.When the client has started seeing a counselor they have come to the understanding of accepting there is a problem. When counseling begins the counselor must allow the client to address the concerns that has causedthem to go in for counseling. Once the concerns have been presented, the counselor begins to work towards implementing the qualifys into their life. Some physiological functioning along with the tasks of thinking, behaving, and olfactory propertyings are all incorporated in the desire to reach their personal goal. Murdock (2009) believed that humans had an instinctive nature to always strive to obtain perfection, and understanding the desperation to succeed one can understand how the human path is created.Adler viewed family constellations into twain separate ways to comprehend family positioning (Murdock, 2009, 140). There is a large amount of research differentiating the two ways and there are a vas t amount of factors used in comprehending the differences. The first system is ordinal this is order or number for each child innate(p) into the family (Shulman & Mosak, n.k.d.). For example when parents have children they put them in order of their first, piece, or third born child. The chip system is the birth order. A childs birth order is determined by several factors. The first factor is if the children born in different environments (mentally and financially).The second factor is the psychological situation of the birth order of the child, which means if the first born does not act/represent like the first born as a leader, or example and the second child acts more mature than the second born will take the first borns role. The third factor is amount of years surrounded by the siblings can amplify, or reduce arguments and fights between the siblings. Finally, the birth order is an influence. Birth order is not set in stone, the interaction with the parents also influence t he order. Adler believed that everyones life plan was created by the time they were 5 years old (Murdock, 2009, p. 118).John was the third child of the family however, he was the only one of the family who had a job. His mother and sisters worked at tumultuous food restaurants, or they did telemarketing while he went into the military to get him out of the city. Although he wanted more of his life than how he was raised, John was not aware of how to express his emotions. He was taught to keep everything in because if you showed emotions as a boy, it means you are weak. So, now John is not able to express all of his feelings to Tina. He can only show anger, or he pulls away from everyone.John views himself as a good husband and father, because he is still in the home with them and in his childrens lives. He feels that he has not abandoned them, so everything should be great in their lives. Despite the fact that John is not involved in any of his childrens activities, or has any know ledge about their school progress he feels like he is a good father because he doesnt know any different.Goals and InterventionsJohn is not aware of any problems in the family. He views that he is a good soda because he is in the home. He feels this way because he provides a nice home, insurance, security, and the comforts of having financial stability. He is in the home and able to help with disciplining the children when need. John refuses to go to counseling because he feels that he does what he has to do as a man. He is not supposed to show emotions. He is supposed to keep his emotions in because no one wants to hear a man complaining.Counselors that practice Adlerian therapy believe that any client is able to change. The counselors incorporated three factors that are needed in working with clients, such as love, faith, and hope (Murdock, 2009, p.128). The love is a general term. In order for the client to want to change they must feel like the counselors cares about them. Fai th is shown by a counselor having confidence and is able to support the client. Having hope means that the counselor must ensure the client that they are able to succeed in life. In order for the counselor to be able to help the client, the counselor will need to understand each client, his lifestyle, and their reasoning for their actions.There are several techniques used to help clients under the Individual Psychology therapy. One of the techniques used is interpretation. When a counselor uses interpretation they use all of the information gained and attempt to make grit of the clients lifestyles, dreams, and circumstances. The client is then able to offer their personal thoughts on how the information is perceived.The second technique used in Individual Psychology therapy is encouragement.Encouragement is the continuation of interpretation of the clients lifestyle, dreams, and circumstances. Encouragement is normally given prior to the client attempting to make the change. Encour agement is given as hope, or optimism to help to build the clients confidence while they take on new tasks in their life.The third technique is acting as if. This is when clients have excuses for their behavior. When a client starts a sentence with if only, this is an attempt for the client to try to make sense of the issue. The counselor should ask the client how things would be different if only those items were real. Once the question is answered, then the counselor will be able to redirect and change the clients view. Spiritual ApplicationThe Individual Psychology is based on the understanding the life of a person as a whole. Murdock (2009) wrote humans have an innate drive to be successful and survive. God created all humans equally, without envy. Attempting to have the clients to view themselves as equals to others will help keep the client spiritually connected and happy. This type of therapy requires the client to completely honest with themselves and others. The goal of the therapy is to assist the client in understanding the wrong lifestyle that they had been living and to set up the thought process.ConclusionThis paper was composed from a case study of John and Tina, then it was enhanced with the Individual Psychology Therapy. This therapy was used because I feel that any type of therapy begins with the individual and the individual wanting to change. This type of therapy was a benefit to the client, because it focused on increasing the self. I think the most difficult aspect of this therapy was acknowledging the problem, accepting the problem, and correcting it.ReferencesMilliren, A., Evan, T., and Newbauer, J. (n.k.d.). Adlerian Theory. Carter & Evans Marriage and Family Therapy Retrieved on February 2, 2014, from http//www.carterandevans.com/portal/index.php/adlerian-theory/69-adlerian-th

Why to be a chemical engineer

An individual should take on chemic applied science proscribed-of-pocket to requirement of diverse knowledge, the striving to better them self, and to increase their potential. In the diverse knowledge column, there argon a set of base standards one has to meet. To prepargon for such a high paying and unimagined Job, the applicant must have a Bachelors degree In chemic heading for entry- direct masters or doctoral degree for advanced positions. (n. Page. With this education one must have, the applicant can re eithery be a dependable to the companys success and can be prone to raises, extra jobs and many opportunities to go deeper in their art. When preparing to look into actu eithery becoming and pursuing the occupation of a chemical engineer, applicants are safe beneath the studies and modern statistics about supply and demand of the occupation Itself. On a Job outlook make by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the statistics verbalize, Demand for chemical engineers service s depends largely on demand for the products of different manufacturing industries. (n. Page) To penetrate the demand and supply to a deeper extent, chemical engineering has a shining virtue in the statistics column, there is a 2% unemployment in the engineering fields, yet there are jobs that not taken. pig. 2) Also In the preparation portion, advice along with a Job notice states the following preparation for an applicant. Be bear ind to massage In areas of blended engineering where chemical engineering principles walk hand in hand with mechanical, civil, electrical, and/or industrial engineering.Be testamenting to diversify because you will excel. (pig. 2) Preparation for this Job is quite simple due to the tenacious stated postulate of the job being blended and diversified with other engineering types. If an applicant should invariably wonder why the occupation is blended, an veritable narration of a chemical efferent Job sectors that a chemical engineer can fit into. It is important to do your home train at and identify what your interests are up front. You can waste a lot of time and effort if you are taking a shotgun approach.If you are interested in a authoritative sector or a certain geographical area, youre better off to expend your energies on those Jobs. With the blend of other engineering occupations, the choice of chemical engineering could benefit a possible applicant by strengthening the weaknesses in parts of their knowledge that are lacking. This blend leads to discipline in the occupation to better the applicant. Not only could this blend draw out discipline in the occupation, however could also strengthen personalized and social issues one could have.An engineer with personal experience in these categories advices applicants by stating, Work with others it varies from Job to Job, probably from about a 3 Tao 10. take in criticism. But this is a life issue, not an engineering issue. (n. Page) With actual experience and not s tatistics with studies, this valuable advice could prepare an applicant to be disciplined in a different category than engineering itself, therefore, flourishing their diversity of knowledge and interaction. These could truly be attributes an applicant would want to swear even if they didnt decide to pursue chemical engineering.In chemical engineering, an applicant would not only want to submerse themselves in complete knowledge of chemical engineering, but also in l pissing qualifications that could get them noticed and hired. To be a chemical engineer, an applicant should not be only strong in the occupation itself, but also in their interaction and sociability. A chemical engineer informs a group of applicants by stating, A lot of my work is team-oriented. I work with a few other people and we all upend on each other to bring certain results or knowledge to the group as a whole so that we can reach out our overall goal. (n. Page) By having interactive qualities, it is clear an d also postulated that one cannot be an introverted person when feeling to get hired. By actual accounts of a chemical engineer, he postulates and informs applicants that, All engineers must at some(a) demo (if not nearly always) work as part of a group or team, and all engineers must be able to communicate the results of their work to their peers, supervisors, upper management, subordinates, and the outside world. You could have the nigh fantastic idea, but if you cant convince others of its merit, your idea will die on the vine. (n. Page. ) With the plethora ideas and accounts of the social and interactive aspects, applicants most likely will look to improve on speaking or getting a certain point or idea across. More information and advice from a group of engineers concludes the interaction and speaking qualities by advising applicants, The key, which many engineers and scientists Just dont realize, is not to dazzle the audience with technophobia, but to be as clear, concise, and to he point as possible. The hardest thing for many engineers to do is get to the point. This information and advice that is knuckle undern could strike the desire to expand interactive qualities. Companies are not only looking for social and interactive people, but also trusty applicants. An account of an experienced chemical engineer gives his personal point of view by inferring, l would recollect that I was hired because I tend to take on lots of responsibility. An applicant could have all the qualities required to be hired, except for the drawback of irresponsibility. While an individual could be the ND with a high prospect not want an irresponsible chemical engineer to be staffed with.If an applicant were to search for a by and large high paying Job, they would most likely find that outside of chemical engineering, requirements could possibly appear infatuated and very rigorous to go through. On a Job that medians at $187,000 per year such as a medical doctor, the re quirements would most likely be postulated to be longer, and more rigorous than those of chemical engineering. Statistics and accounts through with(p) by Education Portal exemplify requirements of a medical doctor by dating, Completing a bachelors degree program is necessary to prepare prospective doctors to enter medical school. (n. Page. After accomplishing a bachelors degree, which takes 4 geezerhood of college, the student must proceed to 4 years of medical school. The same education doorway informs their audience, checkup school consists of four years of medical training and education The first two years of a prospective doctors medical school experience are devoted to book study and science lab work to prepare students for diagnosing and treating illnesses. During the second year of med school, dents take the first portion of the United States Medical Licensing Examination, which is administered by the National Board of Medical Examiners. After these two years of rigorou s training and examination, the ingress informs students, During the last two years of medical school, students begin their clinical experience, going through rotations at clinics and hospitals. Students work under attending physicians to begin their practical training in medicine. (n. Page) In a total of 8 years of college, which could lead to financial enigmas, the student would fill the requirements of being a medical doctor. If a calibrated high school student were to choose to pursue chemical engineering, they have the possibility and are potentially able to earn Just as much with less requirements.A popular course guidance revolve about informs students, A Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering is the most common entry- level requirement for Chemical Engineers. With only 4 years of college and only in the science portion, a chemical engineer has a potential to earn $1 1 5,000 or more (n. Page) per year. With this salary potential, coin spent on college and time is saved to better the encouragement in actually pursuing the occupation of chemical engineering. Leading up to this well-rounded occupation includes many opportunities for experience, life benefits, and a very well-situated potential salary.In the experience column, many encounters by actual chemical engineers advise students, Consider participating in an internship with an engineering firm while in college. Most internships are part of a four-year degree program. It will offer you a chance to apply what you have learned in the classroom in an actual work situation and will give you the luck to network with people in the field. (n. Page) With these benefits, dents have an opportunity to not go into their occupation completely blindfolded.A career guidance program infers why chemical engineers pick their occupation by inferring, They should enjoy making decisions and directing the work of others, as well as be willing to improve their knowledge and skills on an ongoing basis. With this inference that earned positive feedback, these potential encounters could give a chemical engineer the benefits of pursuing that occupation. Life benefits would also pursuing this occupation could potentially earn an engineer $1 1 5,000 or more with also a stated postulate inform applicants, it is not uncommon to have incomes ranging from $90,000 to $130,000 or more. (n. Page) This salary would not only draw out applicants who would desire money and being comfortable, but this comfortable living could also be tied in and cogitate to life benefits and experience. To finish off the tied in topics, retirement would not be a problem financially if the certain engineer was responsible with their money. Responsibility was also an inference for qualities an applicant should have which was stated in earlier texts. Ranging from possible, achievable, comfortable, enjoyable, beneficial, and knowledgeably wide, the occupation of chemical engineering appears to be worth the time and money spent.Salaries fasten in with comfortable living can keep a chemical engineer stress justify to an extent, and with interaction within the Job itself, can potentially balance personal life, with its own occupation. An actual account of a chemical engineer concludes his interview by stating, l believe that a chemical engineer degree is great for unmannerlying doors. This can be agreed with due to all the benefits of pursuing the career of chemical engineering stated previously. As a Heimlich engineer himself said, this great and worth-while occupation has potential to open your doors.

Organizational Structure of a Hospital You Know Essay

INTRODUCTION For this assignment Im choosing, Fortis Hospital at Noida, India and Krishna Nursing home at Chitradurga, Karnataka India. Fortis hospital at Noida, India is a part of Fortis healthcare group and mainly focuses on orthopaedics and neurosciences. Its a medium sized hospital with ccc bedded facilities and about 250 full time staff. Its organisational bodily structure has low upright piano and high horizontal distribution. THE plain DISTRIBUTION is as follows, 1) 37 health check sections which covers different specialities.2) Other departments such as HR, marketing, finance, engineering and nursing.3) affectionate specialisation, example doctors.4) Functional specialisation, example technicians and nurses. VERTICAL STRUCTURE is as follows, 1) Zonal carryor at the top. 2) 43 departmental heads who work under Zonal director. 3) There is team under each department which overlay to departmental heads. Organizational structure of fortis hospital ZONAL DIRECTOR United H R medical director Head eng marketing & sales Finance head Nursing matron Team Hr Doctors Eng team trade team Finance team Nursing teamCentralisation Head of department control tout ensemble departments and they report to the Zonal director. Each man-to-man in the organisation has limited autonomy and financi in ally it is highly centralised and functionally it is moderately decentralised and it has high level of standardisation of administrative task and the enlisting process is very untold declare, whereas doctors have low level of formalisation and everyone follow standard operating(a) procedure. Hence in summary, Fortis hospital is multi-speciality hospital of medium size and its structure has high horizontal complexness but low vertical complexity and it is moderately formalised and in that respect is not much direct impact on centralisation and has moderately flexible structure and decision making is highly formalised and moderately decentralised at operational level.(ht tp//www.hindubusinessline.com www.fortishealthcare.com www.hoovers.com)In contrast to the above mentioned complex structure countenance mentioned hospital is Krishna Nursing Home which is a small 50 bedded multispecialtyhospital with a plain structure with the director at the top who is in charge of everything and there are heads of recruitment, finance and medical director who report to the director. It is mainly a vertical structure with director who has full decision making power, therefore the structure has minimum decentralisation. The other staff has no autonomy.This hospital kit and boodle basically on loyalty and trust and personal relationship and caters to a small population in the village Chitradurga, India. This structure is compatible with small hospitals like this. But disadvantage is that it is highly dependent on the director and is individual centric (www.healthcaremagic.com)If we compare the 2 structure in relation to, 1) Central Peripheral relations Fortis is much bigger hospital and has separate division for each department and there is decentralisation and semi-autonomy for each department and the purchaser and provider divisions are separate. Whereas Krishna Nursing Home has no decentralisation and no autonomy for the departments and all decisions are taken by the director. 2) Links with other organisational groups Fortis has links and tie-ups with many other smaller hospitals which resuscitate cases to them and also has link ups with various insurance companies.Whereas Krishna Nursing Home has no tie-ups with any other hospitals and works alone and caters to a small population. 3) Internal structure Hierarchy, as mentioned above Fortis hospital has minimal vertical but complex horizontal distribution of power so it has a flatter organisational shape which helps in effective communication and decision making and has widened collaborative links between various departments and divisions resulting in internal linking and average spans of control whereas Krishna Nursing Home has vertical structure and is fully hierarchical based and there is no internal linking between departments (Merson et.,al, 2006).CONCLUSION Both these hospitals has completely different organisational structure but two are successful because the targeted population for both are different. While, Fortis targets higher and wider range of population and focuses on specialized services, hence has complex organisational structure. Whereas Krishna Nursing Home caters to a small population andprovides basic services and hence has a simple vertical hierarchical structure.REFERENCESFortis Healthcare signs pact with US hospital online. forthcoming at http//www.thehindubusinessline.com/businessline/2000/10/18/stories/021851e 3.htm. (Accessed on 7 January 2013) Krishna Nursing Home (online). Available at www.healthcaremagic.com (Accessed on 8 January 2013). Merson et.,al (2006) International Public Health, 2nd Edition, Jones and Bartlett publishers, p p558-593. (online) Available at www. Fortishealthcare.com.(Accessed on 7 January 2013). (online) Available at www.hoovers.com (Accessed on 7 January 2013).

Organization of International Business

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. was incorporated in 1969 and now is the existences largest and most successful grocery retailer which was selected as worlds largest company in 2007, by Fortune 500. It has 8,970 stores in 15 countries and total revenue of $421,849 billion (2010). Wal-Marts main worry strategy is EDLP-Every Day Low Price which is the key-point of their success. To accomplish this strategy, they mainly focuse on efficiency of dispersal social organization. They used Cross-docking system, POS system, QR-Quick Response System. All those strategies core values are Time and Response.Shorten the measure for everything includes distribution, storing, etc directly make a motioned lower the price of goods which could be best response to customer need. In different words, Wal-Mart has been successful since they always managed their time and response to customer. Those points were homogeneous for Wal-Marts International instalment startegy. Their international incision wasnt des ire these days at the early stage. The international office was centralized so the branches necessitate to get approval for every implement and decision from headquarter in USA.However, this centralization process made unit of measurement process slow and it harmed the core value of Wal-Mart. Also, they realized that the system cant be same in otherwise countries. It needed to be changed and modified in order to fully get into individually local grocery store place. By the late 1990s they started to change their policy for international division. They gave more than office to all(prenominal) division so that they dont have to wait for approval and response from headquarter. By this change, each international divisions could meet their local markets need more rapidly and effectively.2. why did the centralization of decisions in Wal-Marts international division at headquarters create problems for the companys different national operations? Has Wal-Marts response been appropr iate? The headquarter first thought that centralization go forth help them get into other countries cause the methods and ways they used were already proved in internal market. The centralization wasnt that bad when they started because on that point were not many things to care about. However, by the international division gets bigger, they had to deal with bunch of things from lot of different countries.The headquarter had to consider tons of decisions and problems. Of course the whole process got into arrears. In other word, the headquarter of Wal-Mart was overloaded. This condition was natural because the domestic way couldnt be fitted same in other countries. Each international division tried their best in order to make maximum returns on their market, and that effort caused lot of things to be approved by headquarter. To solve this problem, Wal-Mart started to decentralize their international division. This helped each division to tailor them self more easily for the loca l customers.They could make decision and take action faster. Also they could response to local customers need instantly. I think this decision was fairly appropriate. Headquarter can focus to their main domestic market without waste their energy and international division besides can make best result in their local market. 3. Do you think that having an international division is the best structure for managing Wal-Marts remote operations? What problems might arise with this structure? What other structure might work? I think international division is moderate choice for Wal-Marts foreign operations.The head quarter can easily replicate the domestic structure to international division so that they dont struggle from start in new local market. However, I think there could be problems arise with that way. There could be damage to headquarters reputation theyve made in domestic market if international division makes mistake or distortion of core value while they set about to adjust to local market. It will seriously harm whole Wal-Marts name and will affect their sales. For example, while they try to get into Korea, they didnt know about Koreas atmosphere and condition.They struggled in Korea for old age and finally got out of Korea without getting anything. This mistake damaged Wal-Marts name maybe not alone in Korea division but also in headquarter. In this case for Wal-Mart, Worldwide Area twist could worked, too. If they use this structure, the great system they proved in domestic market can be used in all the commonwealths but all the other things can be adjusted to each areas property. In that way, they can reduce possibility of failure in certain country like Korea or German.4. Conclusion Wal-Mart is one of biggest company in the world and theyre making huge fare of money all over the world. There is no doubt that they are successful. But it doesnt stand for that they have nothing to fix or improve. If they want to expand their business, they shou ld make their international division more efficient and effective. That means, sure they should use their great system they have used in domestic market to international division but those strategies are needed to be reformed in each countries. In that way, they might able to make high profit all over the world without struggling from cultural and industry difference.